Nano melamine cyanurate (NMC) was synthesized by a solvothermal method, and characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The effect of solvents, surfactants, reaction-temperature and -time on the particle size of the product were investigated. NMC can be only obtained by using distilled water as a solvent, and of which the average particle size (APZ) is 106 nm. When sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide were used as surfactants, the APZ of the product is almost the same (about 100 nm). While nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether was used, the APZ reaches up to 3.1 μm. The suitable reaction temperature and time for the preparation of NMC are 150℃ and 1-3 h respectively. Moreover, as toughening agent, the effect of both NMC and micro MC (MMC) on the performance of the toughened phenolic foam was investigated, and it was found that NMC is more effective rather than MMC in improving limiting oxygen index and flexural strength of the toughened foam.

The microstructural evolution of a third-generation single crystal superalloy DD33 during solution treatment has been investigated by optical microscope (OM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results show that the γ' particles in interdendritic regions of the alloy grew up obviously during isothermal exposure at 1310℃, and fully dissolved after heat treated at 1310℃/2 h. No significant dissolution of (g +γ') eutectic could be observed when solution treated at temperatures below 1320℃. The cursive -script like MC carbides dissolved gradually and then transform into granular MC particles during solution treatment, which promoted the coarsening of γ' precipitates in the interdendritic regions. The segregation of elements Al, Ta, Cr and Co in the eutectic γ' was enhanced with the increasing temperature, which may be induced by up-hill diffusion.

Nano-Pd catalyst have been synthesized by slow reduction of Pd²⁺ in a quaternary system of brine-cyclohexane-surfactant-cosurfactant with a hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal as template in a dark place under soft condition. Then the synthesized Pd nano-particles were characterized by optical microscopy、XRD、TEM、and HRTEM with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The electrocatalytic properties of the nano-Pd modified glassy carbon electrode (Pd/GCE) for ethanol oxidation had been also investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the synthesized nano-Pd particles after reaction for 24 h show more or less the same shape with regular morphology with a mean size of (31±1) nm. This material exhibits the excellent electrocatalytic activity and anti-poisoning ability for the ethanol oxidation.

SnO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by a polyacrylamide gel technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the as-synthesized SnO₂ nanocrystallites consists merely of a rutile-type SnO₂ with tetragonal crystallographic structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation shows that the prepared SnO₂ nanoparticles are regularly rhombus in shape. The photo luminescent emission spectrum detected at λ_ex= 326 nm showed four peaks located at 379, 417, 450 and 470 nm, the first having the strongest intensity. The emission spectra also show that an emission band around 740 nm was observed when the excitation wavelength is 230 nm. The forming and luminescence mechanisms of nano-SnO₂ have been discussed based on the experimental results.

The crystallization process of the as-cast and as-rolled Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ bulk metallic glasses, which have similar crystallization fraction and crystallization activation energy but different microstructure, was inverstigated by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) with isothermal and continuous heating. The results show that the two metallic glasses exhibit similar crystallization rate in the initial stage of crystallization (until 30 min), while the crystallization rate of the as-rolled one is faster than that of the as-cast one in the later stage of crystallization (after 30 min); however, according to JMA equation, the crystallization activation energy deduced from crystallization onset temperature T_x and crystallization peak temperature T_p can not give a comprehensive explanation on the thermal stability of metallic glasses. In addition, the weakening of atomic binding forces and strengthening of short range order in the shear bands may decrease the thermal stability and therewith enhance the crystallization rate of the as-rolled Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀ metallic glass.

The full-system cycle corrosion behavior of E36 grade low-alloy steel was studied by a homemade device to simulate the cargo oil tank upper deck corrosion environment which was established corresponding to the international maritime organization standard. The corrosion rate and reduction of thickness of the steel were measured respectively, and an extrapolation of the thickness reduction for 25 years corrosion was calculated by fitting formula and curve. Surface morphology of steel tested for different cycles before and after the removal of corrosion product films was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The distribution of element and phase constituent of corrosion product film were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. The results showed that the extrapolation of thickness reduction for 25 years corrosion was 2.21 mm. In the early stage of the corrosion, acid condensing droplets were formed on the surface of corrosion product film due to the existence of sour gas and the alternating temperature and humidity, and then the corrosion scale was gradually blistered. In the later stage of the corrosion, the size of the blisters grew up, and then most of which cracked and falled off. At last, the outer corrosion scale was completely detached, and the inner corrosion product scale was exposed to the corrosive environment. The rather loose outer corrosion scale of the steel formed in wet O₂-CO_2-SO₂-H₂S gas environment was mainly consisted of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, S, FeS₂, Fe_1-xS and FeS. However the rather compact inner corrosion product scale was consisted mainly of α-FeOOH.

With TEOS and MTES as precursors, nano-silicone permeable protective coating of marine concrete was prepared by acid/base two-step sol gel method where hydrochloric acid catalyzed silica sol was dropped into proportionally ammonia catalyzed base silica sol. The structure and properties of the coating were characterized by TEM, SEM, water absorption, chloride ion passed charge. The results show that for core-shell structure of SiO₂ sol prepared by acid/base two-step, dot-pits were observed on the treated mortar sample surfaces, penetration depth of mixed sol coated mortars was 1.3 mm, 4 h water absorption of mortar samples were lower than 85% or more, 6h chloride ion passed charge of concrete samples reduced by 50% or more.

Two guanidinium ionic liquids were synthesized through a typical two-step way. The thermal stability of the ionic liquids was evaluated by a thermogravimetric analyzer. Their tribological properties were investigated in comparison with phosphazene, perfluorinated polyether and alkyl imidazole ionic liquid. The worn surface was examined by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The results show that guanidinium ionic liquids are the best lubricant among the tested lubricants for steel/steel contacts. With the guanidinium ionic liquids as lubricants for the steel/steel couples exhibit the strongest carrying capacity, the lowest friction coefficient and the smallest wear volume.

6(4-of DOPO hydroxymethyl phenoxy ) cyclotriphosphazene (DOPOMPC) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were mixed and the mixture was further added to epoxy resin (EP) to prepare a basis expansion flame retardant composite (DOPOMPC/APP/EP). An organic modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was then added to the composite in order to further improve the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin. The synergistic effect of OMMT and DOPOMPC were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL-94 horizontal burning tester (UL- 94), cone calorimeter (CONE), SEM observation and other methods. Results showed that the EP4 (10%DOPOMPC/10%APP/3%OMMT/EP) was the best with comprehensive combustion parameters, such as its peak heat release rate (pk-HRR), average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC), average extinction area (av-SEA) and carbon monoxide average release rate (av-CO) could be reduced by 78.4%, 62.2%, 57.8% and 50.0% respectively of those for pure EP, besides, its LOI value reached 36.8% as well. This kind of composite showed good performance in flame retardance and smoke suppression. Furthermore, the addition of OMMT may facilitate the formation of a much compact and hard carbon scale on the surface of the EP4 during the initial stage of combustion.

Sodium silicate solutions of SiO₂: Na₂O molar ratio 3.50 were prepared with 5 mass fraction % of micro- and nano-SiO₂ respectively, and then silicate conversion coatings were obtained by immersing hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel sheets in the solutions. The SiO₂ powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reflectance absorption infrared spectroscopy (RA-IR), the sodium silicate solutions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (²⁹Si NMR), and the silicate conversion coatings were characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that there exist more Si-OH bonds in nano-SiO₂ rather than that in micro-SiO₂; the degree of polymerization of the silicate ions in sodium silicate solution with nano-SiO₂ is lower, therefore, the amount of dehydration generated in the coating formation process is higher, as a consequence, the formed silicate conversion coating possesses higher porosity.

Photoanodes with a film of rutile TiO₂ nanorods were prepared on a conductive glass substrate by hydrothermal method and then characterized by XRD, SEM and HRTEM. The effect of different hydrothermal conditions on the morphology of rutile TiO₂ nanorods was carefully examined. The result shows that the diameter and length of rutile TiO₂ nanorods increase with the increase of the energy of hydrothermal system; the additives has a great effect on the growth of rutile nanorods; a dense layer will form at the interface of conductive substrates and the rutile TiO₂ nanorods, which will affect the photo-electronic properties of DSSCs markedly. Under the stand conditions (AM 1.5 100 mW/cm²), a photoelectric conversion efficiency 1.81% is measured for the dye-sensitized solar sells (DSSCs) constructed with the prepared photoanodes.

Lotus-type porous Cu, Mg and Ni were fabricated by a mould casting technique in hydrogen gas atmosphere. The effect of solidification rate on the structure of the lotus type porous metals was comparatively investigated by theoretical calculation and experiments. The results show that the increase of bubble radius results in an increase of bubble rising velocity for Cu, Mg and Ni. A suitable ordered porous structure can be obtained only when the maximum solidification rate is in the range of bubble rising velocity.