激光选区熔化<strong>316L</strong>不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中的钝化行为

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2023.119

材料研究学报

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (3): 221-231 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2023.119

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

激光选区熔化316L不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中的钝化行为

李飞阳¹, 刘志红¹, 乔岩欣¹, 杨兰兰¹, 卢道华², 汤雁冰²(

)

^1.江苏科技大学材料科学与工程学院镇江 212003
^2.江苏科技大学海洋装备研究院镇江 212003

Passivation Behavior of Laser Selective Melted 316L Stainless Steel in Sulphuric Acid Containing Chloride Ion Solution

LI Feiyang¹, LIU Zhihong¹, QIAO Yanxin¹, YANG Lanlan¹, LU Daohua², TANG Yanbing²(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
^2.Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China

引用本文:

李飞阳, 刘志红, 乔岩欣, 杨兰兰, 卢道华, 汤雁冰. 激光选区熔化316L不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中的钝化行为[J]. 材料研究学报, 2024, 38(3): 221-231.
Feiyang LI, Zhihong LIU, Yanxin QIAO, Lanlan YANG, Daohua LU, Yanbing TANG. Passivation Behavior of Laser Selective Melted 316L Stainless Steel in Sulphuric Acid Containing Chloride Ion Solution[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(3): 221-231.

全文: PDF(12250 KB) HTML

摘要:

对激光选区熔化316L不锈钢(SLM 316L)进行开路电位、电化学阻抗、动电位极化、恒电位极化、暂态电流-时间测量以及Mott-Schottky、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等表征，与商用轧制316L不锈钢(R 316L)对比研究其在0.05 mol/L H₂SO₄ + 0.2 mol/L NaCl溶液环境中的钝化行为。结果表明：这两种钢钝化膜的形核机制均为连续形核，但是SLM 316L不锈钢的晶粒更小、晶界密度更高、钝化膜生长得更快。SLM 316L不锈钢发生过钝化溶解但是不发生点蚀，而R316L不锈钢发生点蚀。SLM 316L不锈钢的耐蚀性能更优，因为其为均一的奥氏体相且有大量的小角度晶界；同时，表面生成的钝化膜中的O^2-/OH^-比值更低、载流子浓度更低、Cr₂O₃的含量更高和NiO含量更低，对钝化膜的保护效果更好，使其具有优异的耐点蚀性能。

关键词 ：材料失效与保护, 钝化行为, 电化学测试, 316L不锈钢

Abstract：

The open-circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostats polarization, current-time transient measurements, Mott-Schottky analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction(EBSD)methods were used to investigate the passivation behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser selective melted (SLM 316L) in 0.05 mol/L H₂SO₄ + 0.2 mol/L NaCl solution. The results were compared with commercial rolled 316L stainless steel (R 316L). The results showed that the nucleation of passivation film follows continuous mechanism for the both stainless steel. However, the SLM 316L stainless steel has smaller grain size and higher grain boundary density than those of R 316L stainless steel. Therefore, the grow rate of passivation film is fast. The SLM 316L stainless steel took place transpassivation dissolution, while R 316L stainless steel took place pitting corrosion. The SLM 316L stainless steel has better corrosion resistance. The main reasons are the SLM 316L stainless steel has much more low angle grain boundaries without ferrite. Moreover, the passivation film of SLM 316L stainless steel has lower carrier density, lower ratio of O^2-/OH^-, lower content of NiO and higher content of Cr₂O₃ compared with R 316L stainless steel.

Key words： materials failure and protection passivation behavior electrochemical tests 316L stainless steel

收稿日期: 2023-02-06

ZTFLH:

TG172.5

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0309100);江苏省重点研发计划重点项目(BE2022062)

通讯作者: 汤雁冰，正高级工程师，tyb2213@just.edu.cn，研究方向为材料腐蚀与防护及腐蚀监测

Corresponding author: TANG Yanbing, Tel:(0511)88896820, E-mail: tyb2213@just.edu.cn

作者简介: 李飞阳，男，1992年生，硕士生

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表1 SLM 316L和R 316L的化学成分

图1 SLM 316L和R 316L的XRD谱

图2 SLM 316L和R 316L的金相组织

图3 SLM 316L和R 316L的SEM图像

图4 两种不锈钢材料的EBSD分析

图5 SLM 316L不锈钢和R 316L不锈钢的开路电位

图6 SLM 316L和R 316L在0.05 mol/L H2SO4 + 0.2 mol/L NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线

图7 SLM 316L和R 316L在0.05 mol/L H2SO4 + 0.2 mol/L NaCl溶液中的电化学阻抗谱(EIS)

图8 R 316L不锈钢和SLM 316L不锈钢的EIS等效电路图

表2 SLM 316L和R 316L的等效电路参数

图9 SLM 316L和R 316L在0.05 mol/L H2SO4 + 0.2 mol/L NaCl溶液中的暂态电流随时间的变化

图10 SLM 316L不锈钢和R 316L不锈钢的暂态实验曲线与标准形核的对比

图11 SLM 316L不锈钢和R 316L不锈钢在0.05 mol/L H2SO4 + 0.2 mol/L NaCl溶液中的Mott-Schottky曲线

图12 两种不锈钢在0.05 mol/L H2SO4 + 0.2 mol/L NaCl溶液中形成的钝化膜的载流子密度

图13 两种不锈钢的电流密度随时间变化的双对数曲线

图14 两种不锈钢表面钝化膜的XPS分析

图15 两种不锈钢表面钝化膜成分的深度分布

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