从生物能量学和生物电化学角度研究金属微生物腐蚀的机理*

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2015.188

材料研究学报

2016, Vol. 30

Issue (3): 161-170 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2015.188

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

从生物能量学和生物电化学角度研究金属微生物腐蚀的机理*

夏进¹, 徐大可²(

), 南黎², 刘宏芳³, 李绮¹, 杨柯²

1. 辽宁大学化学院沈阳 110036
2. 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016
3. 华中科技大学化学与化工学院武汉 430074

Study on Mechanisms of Microbiologically Influenced Corrision of Metal from the Perspective of Bio-electrochemistry and Bio-energetics

XIA Jin¹, XU Dake^2,^**(

), NAN Li², LIU Hongfang³, LI Qi¹, YANG Ke²

1. College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
2. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3. School of Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

引用本文:

夏进, 徐大可, 南黎, 刘宏芳, 李绮, 杨柯. 从生物能量学和生物电化学角度研究金属微生物腐蚀的机理*[J]. 材料研究学报, 2016, 30(3): 161-170.
Jin XIA, Dake XU, Li NAN, Hongfang LIU, Qi LI, Ke YANG. Study on Mechanisms of Microbiologically Influenced Corrision of Metal from the Perspective of Bio-electrochemistry and Bio-energetics[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2016, 30(3): 161-170.

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摘要:

人类认知由微生物导致的金属腐蚀现象距今已有一个多世纪的历史.最近20年, 微生物腐蚀(Microbiologically influenced corrosion, MIC) 已成为金属腐蚀的一个研究热点.因为缺乏对MIC机理的深入了解和认识, 人们甚至认为MIC是腐蚀领域中的一个"谜".因此, 迫切需要了解MIC的发生机理.最新的研究结果表明, 金属的微生物腐蚀在本质上是一个生物电化学过程.在微生物与金属并存的环境中, 当电子供体(如碳源)不存在或消耗掉之后, 微生物用金属代替碳源获取电子, 导致金属发生微生物腐蚀.另外一种腐蚀机理是, 微生物的代谢产物(比如有机酸)导致金属腐蚀.腐蚀是一个能量释放的反应过程, 微生物通过腐蚀金属得到维持其生命所必需的能量.目前, 电化学方法已应用于微生物金属腐蚀研究, 学者们提出了诸如"阴极去极化"等经典理论.但单纯从电化学角度研究微生物腐蚀金属可能得到一些片面的结论.随着对这一领域研究的不断深入人们认识到必须结合生物能量学以及生物电化学方面的知识, 以更好地理解微生物影响金属腐蚀的进程.本文总结这方面的最新研究进展, 并着重介绍"生物催化阴极还原"理论(Biocatalytic cathodic sulfate reduction, BCSR)和"电化学微生物腐蚀"理论(Electrical microbial influenced corrosion, EMIC)等最新的金属微生物腐蚀机理.本文主要从生物能量学和生物电化学方面介绍金属微生物腐蚀机理研究, 这是目前国际上一种新的研究方法和思路.BCSR就是依据这一思路解释了微生物为什么和怎样腐蚀金属这一MIC研究领域中的这一难题.

关键词 ：材料失效与保护, 微生物腐蚀, 硫酸盐还原菌, 生物膜, 生物能量学, 细胞外电子传递

Abstract：

People realized that microbes can cause serious microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) attack on metals since a century ago. In the past 20 years, the research relevant to MIC became more and more important due to severe damages and huge economic losses caused by microorganisms. Due to a lack of understanding, MIC has even been considered to be a "myth" in the field of corrosion, therefore, a theory which can cogently explain MIC phenomena is needed. The latest research result indicated that MIC is a bioelectrochemical process in essence. When the organic carbon is not available or fully consumed, metal such as iron would replace organic carbons as an electron donor for microorganisms, resulting in the occurrence of MIC. In addition, another theory related with the mechanism of MIC is that microbes could secrete corrosive metabolites such as organic acids. It is well known that corrosion is an exergonic process, and the microorganisms would utilize the energy released by the corrosion of metal to obtain their maintenance energy. Currently, electrochemical methods are widely used in MIC research, and the classical cathodic depolarization theory (CDT) was proposed based on electrochemistry. However, if only from the perspective of the electrochemistry, many phenomena of MIC can not be cogently explained. Researchers realized that the knowledge of bioenergetics and bioelectrochemistry may be the key to better understand the interactions between microorganisms and metals and then the process of MIC. This review is to summarize the recent works, and introduce the latest theories concerning the mechanism of MIC emphatically, such as biocatalytic cathodic sulfate reduction (BCSR) and electrical microbial influenced corrosion (EMIC). The introduction of the novel perspective to study MIC from bioenergetics and bioelectrochemistry is also provided in this review. Based on bioenergetics and bioelectrochemistry, the BCSR theory can cogently explain how and why MIC happens, which has been a long-term unsolved research problem.

Key words： materials failure and protection microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilm bio-energetics extracellular electron transfer

收稿日期: 2015-04-07

ZTFLH:

TG171

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金51501203和中国科学院金属研究所所优秀学者支持资助项目

作者简介: 徐大可

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图1 异化硫酸盐的还原作用("硫酸呼吸")[34](载体蛋白(Carrier protein, CP); 三磷酸腺苷硫酸化酶(Adenosine triphosphate sulfurylase, ATPS); 焦磷酸水解酶(Pyrophosphoric acid hydrolase, PAH); 亚硫酸盐还原酶(Sulphite reductase, SR); 腺苷硫酸盐还原酶(Adenosine phosphosulphate reductase, APR))

图2 SRB腐蚀金属的三种电子转移方式[58]

Fig.3 Electron transfer chain and standarded electrode potential distribution of related electroxhemical reactions for SRB corrosion of metals[85]

图4 多孔SRB-生物膜和内嵌的磁铁矿简图[81]

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