N掺杂生物炭的制备及其对Co2+ 的吸附性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2022.231

材料研究学报

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (4): 291-300 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2022.231

研究论文

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N掺杂生物炭的制备及其对Co²⁺ 的吸附性能

余谟鑫¹^,², 张书海¹, 朱博文¹, 张晨¹, 王晓婷¹^,³(

), 鲍佳敏¹, 邬翔¹

^1.安徽工业大学化学与化工学院马鞍山 243000
^2.中钢天源股份有限公司马鞍山 243000
^3.马钢集团股份有限公司马鞍山 243003

Preparation of Nitrogen-doped Biochar and its Adsorption Capacity for Co²⁺

YU Moxin¹^,², ZHANG Shuhai¹, ZHU Bowen¹, ZHANG Chen¹, WANG Xiaoting¹^,³(

), BAO Jiamin¹, WU Xiang¹

^1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243000, China
^2.Sinosteel New Materials Co. Ltd., Ma'anshan 243000, China
^3.Magang (Group) Holding Co. Ltd., Ma'anshan 243003, China

引用本文:

余谟鑫, 张书海, 朱博文, 张晨, 王晓婷, 鲍佳敏, 邬翔. N掺杂生物炭的制备及其对Co²⁺ 的吸附性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(4): 291-300.
Moxin YU, Shuhai ZHANG, Bowen ZHU, Chen ZHANG, Xiaoting WANG, Jiamin BAO, Xiang WU. Preparation of Nitrogen-doped Biochar and its Adsorption Capacity for Co²⁺[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2023, 37(4): 291-300.

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摘要:

在芦荟叶皮中加入尿素用水热法制备炭前驱体，然后将其以不同的终温热解制备出N掺杂生物炭(NBC _x )。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、氮气吸附-脱附仪(BET)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和动电位分析仪(Zeta)等手段进行表征，研究其对废水中Co²⁺的吸附性能。结果表明：NBC _x 的表面有明显的层块堆积。NBC _x 具有分级多孔结构，芦荟叶皮与尿素的质量比为2∶1、热解终温为800℃时制备的NBC₈₀₀其比表面积为32 m²·g^-1，总孔体积为0.04 cm³·g^-1，其中非微孔比例高达75%。NBC₈₀₀表面含有丰富的含氧和含氮官能团，N含量和O含量(摩尔分数)分别高达3.89%和46.35%，可与Co²⁺发生离子交换、静电吸附、络合作用和共沉淀等反应。用Langmuir等温线模型能很好地描述NBC₈₀₀对Co²⁺的吸附过程，为单分子层吸附，最大理论吸附量高达228.31 mg·g^-1。拟二级吸附动力学模型表明，吸附进行得较快。

关键词 ：无机非金属材料, 芦荟叶皮, 生物质炭, N掺杂, Co²⁺, 化学吸附

Abstract：

The nitrogen-doped biochar (NBC _x ) was prepared from aloe vera leaf rind with adding urea as nitrogen source, namely the biochar (NBC _x ) was first prepared by hydrothermal method, and then the mixture of NBC _x and urea was pyrolyzed at different temperatures. The as-made NBC _x was characterized by SEM、BET、XPS、FTIR and Zeta, and its application for adsorption of Co²⁺ in waste water was investigated. The results show that the NBC _x has a hierarchical porous structure with a lamellar-like surface with many small flakes. The NBC₈₀₀, prepared with the mass ratio 2∶1 for aloe vera leaf rind to urea by final pyrolysis temperature of 800℃, presents a specific surface area of 32 m²·g^-1, and a total pore volume of 0.04 cm³·g^-1 with the non-microporous ratio of up to 75%. The surface of NBC₈₀₀ is rich in oxygen and nitrogen functional groups, and the content of N and O (mole fraction) is up to 3.89% and 46.35% respectively, which can react with Co²⁺ through ion exchange, electrostatic adsorption, complexation and co-precipitation. The Langmuir model fits well with the adsorption isotherm of Co²⁺ on NBC _x, which demonstrated that the adsorption is monolayered. The maximum adsorption capacity of Co²⁺ on NBC₈₀₀ is up to 228.31 mg·g^-1. The quasi-second-order kinetic model can describe the adsorption process better. The adsorption rate is mainly controlled by chemical adsorption.

Key words： inorganic non-metallic materials aloe vera leaf rind biochar N-doped Co²⁺ chemical adsorption

收稿日期: 2022-04-24

ZTFLH:

O647.3

基金资助:安徽省博士后科研项目(2021B547);安徽省教育厅自然科学研究项目(KJ2021A0399)

作者简介: 余谟鑫，男，1978 年生，博士

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图1 NBC x 吸附Co2+前后的SEM照片

图2 NBC x 吸附Co2+前后的氮气吸脱附曲线

图3 NBC x 吸附Co2+前后的孔径分布

表1 NBC x 比表面积和孔隙结构参数

图4 NBC800吸附Co2+前后的XPS谱图

表2 XPS分析元素摩尔分数

表3 XPS分析中O1s、N1s和Co2p谱图的官能团摩尔分数

图5 NBC800吸附Co2+前后的FTIR图

图6 NBC x 在不同pH值下的电位

图7 NBC x 吸附Co2+的吸附等温曲线和Langmuir拟合

图8 NBC x 对Co2+的吸附动力学曲线和NBC x 的吸附动力学拟合

图9 NBC800对Co2+的吸附穿透曲线

图10 吸附剂质量对吸附的影响曲线

图11 NBC x 的吸附机理

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