The dynamic recrystallization mechanism and microstructure evolution of superalloy GH4169 during isothermal compression by strain rate of 0.01~1 s^-1 at temperature within the range of 1000~1150°C were systematically investigated via Gleeble thermal simulation technology, EBSD, SEM and OM. The results show that the maximum deformation resistance of the alloy can reach 400 MPa by the desired deformation parameters. The power dissipation diagram and rheological instability diagram of GH4169 were plotted based on the dynamic material model, and the deformation parameters of 1020°C~1070°C and 0.03~0.63 s^-1, which were taken as the optimal processing interval for the GH4169 alloy. The evolution regularity of dynamic recrystallization during the deformation process of GH4169 was analysed. It is clear that the dynamic recrystallization is mainly initiated by the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization at grain boundaries of the original austenite, while the continuous dynamic recrystallization may be due to the nucleation induced through the continuous rotation of sub-grains. The evolution regularity of Σ3ⁿ non-coherent twin boundary was determined. The larger the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization grains, the much smaller the size of grains and the higher the density of Σ3 non-coherent twin boundaries. The growth of dynamic recrystallization grains takes the precedence over the formation of Σ3ⁿ non-coherent twin boundary.