深冷处理对低碳高合金马氏体轴承钢力学性能及组织的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2019.095

材料研究学报

2019, Vol. 33

Issue (8): 561-571 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2019.095

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

深冷处理对低碳高合金马氏体轴承钢力学性能及组织的影响

李东辉¹,李志敏²,肖茂果¹,李绍宏¹(

),赵昆渝¹,杨卯生³

1. 昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院昆明 650093
2. 云南经济管理学院昆明 650106
3. 钢铁研究总院特钢所北京 100081

Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Property and Microstructure of a Low Carbon High Alloy Martensitic Bearing Steel during Tempering

Donghui LI¹,Zhimin LI²,Maoguo XIAO¹,Shaohong LI¹(

),Kunyu ZHAO¹,Maosheng YANG³

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering，Kunming University of Science and Technology，Kunming 650093, China
2. Yunnan College of Business Management, Kunming 650106，China
3. Institute for Special Steels，Central Iron and Steel Research Institute，Beijing 100081, China

引用本文:

李东辉, 李志敏, 肖茂果, 李绍宏, 赵昆渝, 杨卯生. 深冷处理对低碳高合金马氏体轴承钢力学性能及组织的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2019, 33(8): 561-571.
Donghui LI, Zhimin LI, Maoguo XIAO, Shaohong LI, Kunyu ZHAO, Maosheng YANG. Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Property and Microstructure of a Low Carbon High Alloy Martensitic Bearing Steel during Tempering[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2019, 33(8): 561-571.

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摘要:

利用洛氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜等研究了低碳高合金马氏体轴承钢深冷处理后的硬度变化及组织演化。结果表明：深冷处理促使部分残留奥氏体转变为马氏体，导致深冷处理后实验钢的硬度较淬火态硬度有所升高。经深冷处理后实验钢在0~100 h回火过程中的硬度均比未深冷处理实验钢的硬度高。深冷处理促使钢中碳原子偏聚并在回火过程中以碳化物的形式析出，与未经深冷处理的实验钢相比，经深冷处理的实验钢回火后马氏体基体中的含碳量更低，表明实验钢经深冷处理后在回火过程中析出更多的碳化物。透射电镜分析表明，实验钢在回火过程中析出的大量弥散分布的纳米级M₂C和M₆C型碳化物是实验钢长时间回火后保持高硬度的主要原因。

关键词 ：金属材料, 高合金钢, 深冷处理, 碳化物, 残留奥氏体

Abstract：

The hardness and microstructure evolution of a low carbon and high alloy martensite bearing steel after deep cryogenic treatment were studied by means of Rockwell hardness tester, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the deep cryogenic treatment promotes the transformation of retained austenite to martensite, which leads to an increase in the hardness after quenching. In addition, the hardness of the steel subjected to deep cryogenic treatment was higher than that of the non-cryogenically treated one during tempering. The deep cryogenic treatment causes the carbon atoms in the steel to segregate and precipitate as carbides during the tempering process. Compared with the steel without deep cryogenic treatment, the carbon content in the martensite matrix of the steel subjected to deep cryogenic treatment was lower after tempering, which indicated that more carbides were precipitated in the deep cryogenic treated steel during the tempering process. According to the results of transmission electron microscope images, a large number of nano-sized M₂C and M₆C carbides precipitated from the martensite matrix during tempering, which may be the main reason for the maintenance of high hardness of the steel after longtime tempering.

Key words： metallic materials high alloy steel deep cryogenic treatment carbide retained austenite

收稿日期: 2019-02-03

ZTFLH:

TG430.40

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(No.51761022)

作者简介: 李东辉，男，1995年生，硕士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2019.095 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2019/V33/I8/561

表 1 实验钢的化学成分(%，质量分数)

表2 不同热处理工艺处理后实验钢的硬度值

图1 实验钢淬火态及深冷处理后回火过程中的硬度变化曲线

图2 不同热处工艺处理后实验钢显微组织的SEM像

图3 实验钢中碳化物的EDX能谱

表3 碳化物中各元素重量百分比

图4 不同热处理工艺处理后实验钢的显微组织TEM像

图5 不同热处理工艺处理后实验钢的XRD衍射谱

表4 不同热处理工艺下实验钢中的奥氏体含量

图6 不同热处理工艺处理后实验钢的显微组织TEM像及电子衍射花样的标定

图7 不同热处理工艺处理后实验钢的TEM显微组织中残留奥氏体尺寸

图8 经过不同热处理工艺后实验钢M(211)峰的高斯拟合图

表5 不同深冷回火处理后实验钢中马氏体的含碳量

图9 经过不同热处理工艺后实验钢中析出的球状碳化物及电子衍射花样标定

图10 经过不同热处理工艺后实验钢中析出的针状碳化物及衍射花样的标定

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