Effect of Deformation Rate on Microstructure and Hardness of Cold-rolled GCr15 Steel Bearing Ring

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.250

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (10): 782-790 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.250

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Effect of Deformation Rate on Microstructure and Hardness of Cold-rolled GCr15 Steel Bearing Ring

SU Yong¹, LIU Can¹, ZHANG Hongwei², YU Xingfu³(

), HAO Tianci⁴

^1.School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
^2.Meteorological Center of Air Traffic Administration in Northeast China, Shenyang 110169, China
^3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
^4.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China

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SU Yong, LIU Can, ZHANG Hongwei, YU Xingfu, HAO Tianci. Effect of Deformation Rate on Microstructure and Hardness of Cold-rolled GCr15 Steel Bearing Ring. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(10): 782-790.

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Abstract

Herein, the effect of deformation rate on the residual stress distribution, carbide precipitation behavior and hardness of the cold rolled expanding deep groove ball bearing rings of GCr15 steel were studied by means of microstructure observation, residual stress and mechanical property measurements as well as finite element simulation. According to the finite element simulation with three different feed rates of 0.50, 0.70 and 0.90 mm/s respectively for the cold rolling process, it follows that the mean residual compressive stress on the outer surface of the bearing ring is -170.49 MPa when the feed rate is 0.50 mm/s, which is only 6.49% different from the experimental result of -160.10 MPa, indicating the reliability of the simulation. With the increase of feed rate, the deformation rate of the ring increases, the relative deformation between the core and the surface layer increases, and the residual stress also increases. The carbides in the inner surface layer of the ring are uniformly distributed and fine. The distribution of carbides is the densest and their average size is the smallest and their average size is the smallest in the groove. The hardness of the ring varies along the radial direction, the inner surface has greater hardness than the outer surface, and the groove position has the maximum hardness.

Key words: metallic materials GCr15 cold rolling numerical simulation bearing ring

Received: 31 May 2024

ZTFLH:

TG335.12

Fund: Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJKM20220770)

Corresponding Authors: YU Xingfu, Tel: 13604072060, E-mail: yuxingfu@163.com

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	SU Yong
	LIU Can
	ZHANG Hongwei
	YU Xingfu
	HAO Tianci

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.250 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2024/V38/I10/782

Table 1 Chemical composition of GCr15 bearing steel(mass fraction, %)

Fig.1 Dimensional drawing of GCr15 bearing ring (a) blank drawing; (b) pre-finished product drawing (unit: mm)

Fig.2 Assembly drawing of cold rolling expansion processing

Fig.3 Stress strain curves of GCr15 bearing steel (a) nominal stress-strain curve; (b) true stress-strain curve

Table 2 Feed rate schemes for cold rolling processing

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of point locations for residual stress and hardness measurement and microstructure observation

Fig.5 Simulation results of initial and residual stresses of the cold rolled expansion GCr15 bearing ring under different feed rates (a) initial stress, 0.50 mm/s; (b) initial stress, 0.70 mm/s; (c) initial stress, 0.90 mm/s; (d) residual stress, 0.50 mm/s; (e) residual stress, 0.70 mm/s; (f) residual stress, 0.90 mm/s

Fig.6 Simulation results of equivalent plastic strain and residual stresses on the cross section of the cold rolled expansion GCr15 bearing ring under different feed rates (a) equivalent plastic strain, 0.50 mm/s; (b) equivalent plastic strain, 0.70 mm/s; (c) equivalent plastic strain, 0.90 mm/s; (d) residual stress, 0.50 mm/s; (e) residual stress, 0.70 mm/s; (f) residual stress, 0.90 mm/s

Fig.7 Residual stress at each measurement point sho-wn in Fig.4 of the cold rolled expansion GCr15 bearing ring under different feed rates

Fig.8 Microstructure at various positions of GCr15 bearing ring before and after cold rolling expansion (a) before cold rolling expansion; (b) core region between points 2 and 5 shown in Fig.4; (c~h) points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 shown in Fig.4

Fig.9 Statistics on the size and distribution of carbides at various positions of GCr15 bearing rings before and after cold rolling expansion (a) before cold rolling expansion; (b) core region between points 2 and 5 shown in Fig.4; (c~h) points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 shown in Fig.4

Fig.10 Hardness at different positions of the cold rolled expansion GCr15 bearing ring (a) points 1~6 in Fig.4; (b) radial hardness distribution from the outer to the inner surface starting from points 1, 2 and 3 in Fig.4

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of carbide distribution in different regions of the cold rolled expansion GCr15 bearing ring

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of residual stress formation in the cold rolled expansion GCr15 bearing ring

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