Material Science Mechanism for Efficient Protection of Natural Armor

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2021.231

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (1): 1-7 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2021.231

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Material Science Mechanism for Efficient Protection of Natural Armor

ZHAO Ning¹^,², JIAO Da², ZHU Yankun², LIU Dexue¹, LIU Zengqian²(

), ZHANG Zhefeng²(

)

^1.School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
^2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

Cite this article:

ZHAO Ning, JIAO Da, ZHU Yankun, LIU Dexue, LIU Zengqian, ZHANG Zhefeng. Material Science Mechanism for Efficient Protection of Natural Armor. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2022, 36(1): 1-7.

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Abstract

Three common structural characteristics of natural armor materials and their strengthening and toughening related intrinsic mechanism were summarized, and three typical biomechanical effects, including gradient structure orientation effect, in-situ structure reorientation effect and multistage "suture" interface effect were also summarized, and the corresponding structural optimization design principles of biomimetic materials were proposed. The constant improvement of biomechanics theory and the comprehensive application of various biomimetic structures are beneficial to solve practical engineering problems with new biomimetic materials.

Key words: review other disciplines of the materials science bioinspired design natural biological materials structural orientation gradient interface

Received: 15 April 2021

ZTFLH:

TB39

Fund: National Key R & D Program of China(2020YFA0710404);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871216);Youth Innovation Promotion Association(2019191);Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1907058)

About author: ZHANG Zhefeng, Tel: (024)23971043, E-mail: zhfzhang@imr.ac.cn
LIU Zengqian, Tel: (024)83970116, E-mail: zengqianliu@imr.ac.cn

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	Ning ZHAO
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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2021.231 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2022/V36/I1/1

Fig.1 Typical armor materials in nature (a) pangolin scale^[21], (b) Arapaima gigas fish scale^[22], (c) turtle carapace, (d) alligator osteoderm and (e) boxfish scute

Fig.2 Gradient structural orientation in natural biological materials and its underlying strengthening and toughening mechanisms (a) continuously varying structural orientations in the pangolin scale, as indicated by the black dashed curve^[21]; (b) variations in the normalized mechanical properties as a function of the relative position from surface to interior in the composite^[30]; (c) contours of the equivalent von Mises stress in the composites with different structural orientations under indentation loading based on finite element analysis simulation^[30]

Fig.3 Adaptive structural reorientation and its underlying strengthening and toughening mechanism (a) the inclination of the composite structure with respect to the loading axis decreases under tension and increases under compression; (b) rotation of mineralized collagen fibrils with differing original orientations as a function of the macroscopic tissue strain during the tensile test of the Arapaima gigas fish scale^[22]; (c) variations in the Young’s modulus, strength, and fracture toughness of composite with strain caused by structural reorientation during tensile deformation^[40]; (d) increased resistance to local and global buckling and improved splitting toughness of composite as a result of structural reorientation during compressive deformation^[40]

Fig.4 Hierarchical suture interfaces and its interfacial toughening mechanisms (a) typical suture interfaces in leatherback turtle carapace^[23], alligator osteoderm^[24] and boxfish scute^[26]; (b) dependence of the ratio between the effective stress-intensity driving forces for crack deflection and penetration with the angle of crack inclination with respect to the interface. The two cracking modes are illustrated in the insets^[46]; (c) effects of structural hierarchy on the cracking resistance of suture interfaces^[46]; (d) schematic illustrations about the interfacial toughening effect of suture interface compared to straight interface^[46]

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