Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Fe-Al Coating on 316L Stainless Steel by Pack Cementation Aluminizing

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2023.561

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (10): 759-767 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2023.561

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Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Fe-Al Coating on 316L Stainless Steel by Pack Cementation Aluminizing

WEN Feng¹, ZHANG Dongxun¹(

), WANG Wei¹, TENG Xinyue², CHU Xinxin¹

^1.Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
^2.College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201400, China

Cite this article:

WEN Feng, ZHANG Dongxun, WANG Wei, TENG Xinyue, CHU Xinxin. Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Fe-Al Coating on 316L Stainless Steel by Pack Cementation Aluminizing. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(10): 759-767.

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Abstract

The pack cementation aluminizing method is a common process for preparing tritium barrier coatings. A dense and continuous Fe-Al coating can be prepared on the surface of stainless steels, while the microstructure of the aluminide layer has an important effect on the barrier properties of the top Al₂O₃ film formed on the coating. Herein, Fe-Al aluminide coating was prepared on 316L stainless steel via pack cementation method with NH₄Cl as activator. The surface, cross-sectional morphology, phase composition of the Fe-Al coating was characterized by means of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the aluminized coatings prepared at different temperatures are mainly composed of Fe₂Al₅ and FeAl₃. The thickness of the aluminized coating increases with the increase of temperature, and shows a multi-layered structure. When the aluminizing temperature is between 650^oC and 750^oC, the aluminizing coating shows a serrated structure embedded in the substrate. As the temperature increases, the serrated morphology gradually disappears and the surface quality of the aluminizing coating deteriorates; With the increasing aluminizing time, the thickness of the aluminized coating gradually increases, but does not affect its phase structure. In addition, the formation process of the aluminizing coating was analyzed in terms of the thermodynamics stabilities of its structure and conponents. The FeAl₃ phase was formed on the surface of the substrate at the initial stage of the reaction, however, the growth rate of the Fe₂Al₅ phase was much higher than that of the FeAl₃ phase, thereby, the former will inhibit the growth of the later once the former emerges at the initial stage, which led to the growth of the FeAl₃ phase was suppressed. The Fe₃Al phase begins to form only when the temperature is lower than 422^oC. On the basis of kinetics, a kinetic model of aluminizing process was established and the diffusion activation energy was calculated.

Key words: metallic materials tritium barrier coating pack aluminizing Fe-Al layer microstructure

Received: 24 November 2023

ZTFLH:

TL341

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(11935011)

Corresponding Authors: ZHANG Dongxun, Tel: 18616354512, E-mail: zhangdongxun@sinap.ac.cn

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	WEN Feng
	ZHANG Dongxun
	WANG Wei
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	CHU Xinxin

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2023.561 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2024/V38/I10/759

Table 1 Alloy composition of 316L stainless steel (mass fraction, %)

Table 2 Experimental scheme of pack aluminizing

Fig.1 XRD patterns of Fe-Al aluminized layer prepared at different aluminizing temperatures

Fig.2 Metallographic photos of the surface morphology of the sample at different aluminizing temperatures

Fig.3 SEM photos of the cross-section morphology of the aluminized layer at different aluminizing temperatures

Fig.4 SEM photos of the cross-section morphology of the aluminized layer at 900^oC

Fig.5 XRD patterns of Fe-Al aluminized layer prepared at different aluminizing time

Table 3 Corresponding to the elemental composition scanned at each point in Fig.3a and Fig.4a

Fig.6 SEM photos of the cross-section morphology of the aluminized layer under different aluminizing time and the point scanning position of the aluminized layer

Table 4 Corresponding to the elemental composition scan-ned at each point in Fig.6a, d

Fig.7 Variations of Gibbs energy ΔG with the temperature T for Fe-Al compounds

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of the formation process model of Fe-Al alloy aluminized layer with multilayer phase structure

Fig.9 Relation curve between aluminizing temperature and aluminizing layer thickness

Fig.10 Relation curve between aluminizing time and thickness of aluminized layer

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