选区激光熔融<strong>Al-30Si</strong>合金的微观组织和性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2022.583

材料研究学报

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (1): 43-50 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2022.583

研究论文

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选区激光熔融Al-30Si合金的微观组织和性能

秦艳利¹, 赵光普¹, 张昊²(

), 倪丁瑞²(

), 肖伯律², 马宗义²

1 沈阳理工大学理学院沈阳 110158
2 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016

Microstructure and Properties of Al-30Si Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting

QIN Yanli¹, ZHAO Guangpu¹, ZHANG Hao²(

), NI Dingrui²(

), XIAO Bolv², MA Zongyi²

1 Shenyang Ligong University, College of Science, Shenyang 110158, China
2 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

秦艳利, 赵光普, 张昊, 倪丁瑞, 肖伯律, 马宗义. 选区激光熔融Al-30Si合金的微观组织和性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2024, 38(1): 43-50.
Yanli QIN, Guangpu ZHAO, Hao ZHANG, Dingrui NI, Bolv XIAO, Zongyi MA. Microstructure and Properties of Al-30Si Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(1): 43-50.

全文: PDF(13396 KB) HTML

摘要:

用选区激光熔融技术(SLM)制备Al-30Si合金，研究了去应力退火后样品的显微组织、力学性能和热物理性能。结果表明：SLM成形的Al-30Si合金样品经300℃/6 h退火后其室温抗拉强度为254 ± 3 MPa，比铸态加工的Al-30Si合金的抗拉强度提高53.5%，硬度为176.89 ± 8.5HV、比刚度为35.18 m²/s²。SLM成形样品温度为-100℃~200℃时的热膨胀系数为13.8 × 10^-6/℃~16.3 × 10^-6/℃，平均热导率为70.52 W·m^-1·K^-1。快速冷却的特性能够细化SLM成形样品的初晶Si颗粒，使成形Al-30Si合金具有较好的综合性能，其高比刚度和较低的热膨胀系数有望使服役于特殊环境的光机结构件保持高度的尺寸稳定性。

关键词 ：金属材料, 选区激光熔融, Al-30Si合金, 微观组织, 物理性能

Abstract：

The bulk material of the hyper-eutectic Al-30Si alloy was prepared via selective laser melting (SLM) technique, aiming to solve the problem of high brittleness, easy cracking, and difficulty in precise forming caused by the coarsening of primary Si in the alloy due to the coarsening of primary Si particles in the alloy during ordinary making process. Then the microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of the SLM alloy after stress-relief annealing were studied. The results showed that the room temperature tensile strength of the SLM Al-30Si alloy after annealing was 254 ± 3 MPa, which was 53.5% higher than that of the cast alloy. The hardness was 176.89 ± 8.5 HV and the specific stiffness was 35.18 m²/s². In terms of thermal properties, the thermal expansion coefficient of the SLM Al-30Si alloy is 13.8 to 16.3 × 10^-6/^oC in the temperature range of -100~200^oC, and the average thermal conductivity is 70.52 W·m^-1·K^-1. The study found that the rapid cooling characteristic of SLM could refine the primary Si particles, making the formed Al-30Si alloy have good comprehensive properties. The high specific stiffness and low thermal expansion coefficient are expected to maintain high dimensional stability for optical components.

Key words： metallic materials selective laser melting Al-30Si alloy microstructure physical properties

收稿日期: 2022-11-04

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(U21A2043);国家自然科学基金(51871215);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2022191);魏桥国科高研院-中科院金属所研发项目(GYY-JSBU-2022-010);辽宁省教育厅面上重点项目(LJKZ0238)

通讯作者: 张昊，副研究员，haozhang@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为激光增材制造研究;
倪丁瑞，研究员，drni@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为有色金属连接与加工制备相关研究

Corresponding author: ZHANG Hao, Tel: (024)23971752, E-mail: haozhang@imr.ac.cn;
NI Dingrui, Tel: (024)83970809, E-mail: drni@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 秦艳利，女，1979年生，副教授

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图1 Al-30Si粉末和截面的微观组织

表1 SLM参数和Al-30Si样品的密度

图2 Al-30Si粉末、打印态和退火后样品的XRD谱

图3 SLM成形Al-30Si合金熔池的形貌

图4 SLM成形Al-30Si合金的打印态和退火后的显微组织

表2 常用光机结构件材料的比刚度

图5 Al-30Si合金的拉伸性能

图6 退火样品拉伸断口的形貌

图7 SLM成形Al-30Si合金退火后的热膨胀系数

图8 SLM成形Al-30Si合金退火后的热导率

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