液氮电脉冲处理超细晶<strong>316L</strong>不锈钢的低温拉伸性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2022.053

材料研究学报

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (3): 168-174 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2022.053

研究论文

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液氮电脉冲处理超细晶316L不锈钢的低温拉伸性能

董宇昂¹, 阳华杰¹(

), 贲丹丹¹, 马云瑞¹^,², 周相海¹, 王斌¹, 张鹏¹, 张哲峰¹(

)

^1.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016
^2.国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院郑州 450052

Excellent Cryogenic Tensile Properties of Ultra-fine Grained 316L Stainless Steel after Electropulsing Treatment in Liquid Nitrogen

DONG Yu'ang¹, YANG Huajie¹(

), BEN Dandan¹, MA Yunrui¹^,², ZHOU Xianghai¹, WANG Bin¹, ZHANG Peng¹, ZHANG Zhefeng¹(

)

^1.Shi‑changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.State Grid Henan Electric Power Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450052, China

引用本文:

董宇昂, 阳华杰, 贲丹丹, 马云瑞, 周相海, 王斌, 张鹏, 张哲峰. 液氮电脉冲处理超细晶316L不锈钢的低温拉伸性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(3): 168-174.
Yu'ang DONG, Huajie YANG, Dandan BEN, Yunrui MA, Xianghai ZHOU, Bin WANG, Peng ZHANG, Zhefeng ZHANG. Excellent Cryogenic Tensile Properties of Ultra-fine Grained 316L Stainless Steel after Electropulsing Treatment in Liquid Nitrogen[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2023, 37(3): 168-174.

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摘要:

在液氮环境用电脉冲(EPT)工艺优化冷轧316L奥氏体不锈钢的微观组织和力学性能，研究了电脉冲处理后样品的室温和低温拉伸性能及其变形机制。结果表明：液氮电脉冲处理后的冷轧316L不锈钢可得到再结晶组织。输入电脉冲的能量不同，其再结晶比例也不同, EPT-7.5LN样品可产生完全再结晶组织。在不同温度下电脉冲处理样品的拉伸实验结果表明，在77 K的拉伸强度-塑性匹配远比在293 K时的高。透射电镜的表征结果表明，样品在293 K的拉伸变形机制以位错和变形孪晶为主，在77 K的拉伸变形时则发生了大量形变诱导马氏体相变。正是大量的马氏体相变及其随后的位错滑移变形使材料的加工硬化能力显著提高，从而使其塑性增强。进一步分析表明，产生变形机制差异的主要原因是，在低温下这种材料的层错能显著降低。

关键词 ：金属材料, 316L不锈钢, 低温拉伸, 电脉冲, 变形机制, 微观组织

Abstract：

The effect of electropulsing treatment (EPT) in liquid nitrogen (LN) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled 316L austenitic stainless steel was assessed, aiming at tensile properties of the EPT-LN treated cold-rolled 316L steel at room and cryogenic temperature, and the relevant deformation mechanisms. It is found that the LN-EPT could induce recrystallization of the cold-rolled 316L stainless steel. The recrystallization ratio is dependent upon the EPT energy input, and after being treated by EPT-7.5LN with discharge voltage of 7.5 kV, the 316 steel presents a fully recrystallized microstructure. The EPT-LN treated steels exhibit significantly higher strength-ductility synergy when they were deformed at 77 K rather than at 293 K. The TEM observation result of the deformed steel revealed that the main mechanisms related with the tensile deformation of 316 steel at 293 K were mainly of dislocation slip and deformation twinning, however, there exist a large amount of deformation-induced martensite transition for that at 77 K. The martensite transitions and their subsequent deformation result in a significant increase in the strain hardening capability, thereby enhancing the strength-ductility synergy. Further analysis shows that the deformation mechanism transition is mainly caused by the significant reduction of stacking fault energy of the steel at low temperatures.

Key words： metallic materials 316L stainless steel cryogenic tensile electropulsing deformation mechanism microstructure

收稿日期: 2022-01-17

ZTFLH:

TG142.71

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51975552);国家自然科学基金(52130002);辽宁省振兴人才计划(XLYC1808027)

通讯作者: 阳华杰，研究员，hjyang@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为金属愈合延寿机制及增材制造技术;
张哲峰，研究员，zhfzhang@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为金属材料力学行为、疲劳与断裂

Corresponding author: YANG Huajie, Tel: (024)23971043, E-mail: hjyang@imr.ac.cn;
ZHANG Zhefeng, Tel: (024)83978779, E-mail: zhfzhang@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 董宇昂，1995年生，男，硕士

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2022.053 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2023/V37/I3/168

表1 实验用316L不锈钢的化学成分

图1 电脉冲处理和在液氮温度下拉伸实验的示意图

图2 拉伸实验用样品的微观组织

图3 液氮电脉冲后试样的晶界照片

图4 EPT-7LN和EPT-7.5LN以及冷轧态样品在不同温度下拉伸的工程应力-应变曲线和加工硬化曲线

表2 在不同温度下样品的拉伸力学性能

图5 室温和低温拉伸后的XRD谱

图6 用TEM照片表征试样在拉伸变形后的微观组织特征

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