含有Cu、Mo、Sn的高强度蠕墨铸铁的蠕变行为

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2017.778

材料研究学报

2019, Vol. 33

Issue (1): 43-52 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2017.778

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

含有Cu、Mo、Sn的高强度蠕墨铸铁的蠕变行为

武岳,李建平(

),杨忠,郭永春,马志军,梁民宪,杨通,陶栋

西安工业大学材料与化工学院陕西省镁铝轻合金及复合材料工程研究中心西安 710021

Creep Behavior of a High Strength Compacted Graphite Cast Iron

Yue WU,Jianping LI(

),Zhong YANG,Yongchun GUO,Zhijun MA,Minxian LIANG,Tong YANG,Dong TAO

Shaanxi Province Engineering Research Centre of Aluminium/Magniesum Light Alloy and Composites, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering，Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China

引用本文:

武岳,李建平,杨忠,郭永春,马志军,梁民宪,杨通,陶栋. 含有Cu、Mo、Sn的高强度蠕墨铸铁的蠕变行为[J]. 材料研究学报, 2019, 33(1): 43-52.
Yue WU, Jianping LI, Zhong YANG, Yongchun GUO, Zhijun MA, Minxian LIANG, Tong YANG, Dong TAO. Creep Behavior of a High Strength Compacted Graphite Cast Iron[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2019, 33(1): 43-52.

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摘要:

研究了一种含有Cu、Mo、Sn的高强度蠕墨铸铁在623~823 K、40~150 MPa的蠕变行为，观察了不同形态的蠕变损伤组织并分析了蠕变变形及断裂机理。当T/T_m＞0.5(T为使用温度，T_m为蠕墨铸铁熔点)、载荷大于150 MPa时这种蠕墨铸铁的蠕变变形显著，且变形主要来自基体变形、蠕变空洞的形核长大以及石墨/基体界面的开裂。随着温度的提高和载荷的增加，蠕变变形逐渐由晶界移动转变为晶内变形。在蠕变过程中有两种开裂机制：(I)微裂纹在石墨/基体开裂处形核长大并优先沿铁素体向基体扩展，与邻近石墨/基体开裂连接而逐渐形成主裂纹；(II)晶界处的蠕变空洞形核长大转变成蠕变裂纹。氧原子通过石墨的连通性向组织内部扩散，造成上述两种裂纹表面氧化。由于，石墨、铁素体、珠光体三者性能的差异，石墨/铁素体界面比石墨/珠光体界面更易发生开裂。另外，在773 K、823 K组织中的珠光体分解明显，层片状渗碳体逐渐转变为短棒状，在晶界附近则以颗粒状为主。

关键词 ：金属材料, 蠕墨铸铁, 蠕变变形, 蠕变断裂, 蠕变氧化开裂, 珠光体分解

Abstract：

The creep behavior of a high strength compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) containing Cu, Mo and Sn under tensile load of 40~150 MPa in air at 623~823 K was investigated, while the creep damage was observed and the relevant mechanism of deformation and fracture during creep test was further analyzed. When the ratio T/T_m＞0.5 (T represents test temperature, Tm melt point of CGI) and the load is greater than 150 MPa, the creep deformation is significant. The creep deformation consists of matrix deformation, initiation and development of creep cavities at grain boundaries and debondings of the interface graphite/matrix. With the increasing temperature and tensile load, the creep deformation is gradually changing from grain boundary sliding to intragranular deformation. Two kind of cracks were observed in the microstructure of CGI: (1) cracks propagated preferentially in ferrite phase and connected with adjacent debondings of the interface graphite/matrix, (2) microcracks caused by nucleation and growth of creep cavities along grain boundaries. It is worthy to mention that the 3D network of the vermicular graphite in CGI may facilitate the inward diffusion of oxygen atoms throughout the sample of CGI, therewith induces the oxidation of the above mentioned two type cracks. Due to the difference in properties between graphite with ferrite and pearlite respectively, the debonding occurance for the inerface of graphite/ferrite may be easier than that of graphite/pearlite. In addition, pearlite in the microstructure may decompose significantly at 773 K and 823 K for 100 h, as a result, the lamellar cementite should be converted to short rods and granules at grain boundaries.

Key words： metallic materials compacted graphite cast iron creep deformation creep fracture creep-oxidation crack pearlite decomposition

收稿日期: 2018-01-03

ZTFLH:

TG14

基金资助:国家重点研究基础发展计划(61322402)

作者简介: 武岳，男，1987年生，博士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2017.778 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2019/V33/I1/43

表1 试验用蠕墨铸铁化学成分

图1 蠕墨铸铁浇铸楔形试块示意图

图2 蠕墨铸铁蠕变试样的尺寸

图3 蠕墨铸铁的铸态组织

图4 蠕墨铸铁的高温拉伸性能

图5 载荷为150 MPa不同温度下CGI的蠕变应变曲线

图6 不同载荷和温度条件下CGI的蠕变应变

图7 载荷为150 MPa时CGI的稳态蠕变速率与温度的关系

图8 在不同温度下CGI的蠕变速率与载荷的关系

图9 在不同载荷和温度下蠕变100 h后CGI的显微组织

图10 在不同温度和载荷下CGI蠕变100 h后的损伤组织

表2 CGI蠕变试验的约比温度

图11 在不同温度和载荷下蠕动不同时间蠕墨铸铁的近表面氧化

图12 在773 K载荷为150 MPa CGI蠕变100 h后的晶界蠕变氧化裂纹：

图13 CGI的蠕变氧化交互图示

图14 石墨脱落形成的表面微裂纹

图15 蠕变裂纹的扩展

图16 CGI的蠕变裂纹扩展示意图

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