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材料研究学报  2014, Vol. 28 Issue (3): 233-240    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2013.832
  本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
纯钛微弧氧化膜制备工艺的优化*
李玉海1(),卢世松1,赵晖1,赵艳2
1. 沈阳理工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110159
2. 辽宁石油化工大学机械工程学院 抚顺 113001
Optimization of Preparation Technology of Micro-arc Oxidation Coatings on Pure Titanium
Yuhai LI1,**(),Shisong LU1,Hui ZHAO1,Yan ZHAO2
1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001
引用本文:

李玉海,卢世松,赵晖,赵艳. 纯钛微弧氧化膜制备工艺的优化*[J]. 材料研究学报, 2014, 28(3): 233-240.
Yuhai LI, Shisong LU, Hui ZHAO, Yan ZHAO. Optimization of Preparation Technology of Micro-arc Oxidation Coatings on Pure Titanium[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2014, 28(3): 233-240.

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摘要: 

优化了纯钛微弧氧化膜的制备工艺。将用优化后工艺制备的微弧氧化膜进行碱化处理, 然后置于模拟体液(SBF)中培养, 以观察其生物活性的优劣。采用正交设计法优化了实验方案, 用综合评分法分析了氧化膜的孔隙率、孔密度和孔直径, 确定最佳工艺条件为: 正向电压400 V, 占空比60%, 频率550 Hz, 氧化时间25 min。对在最佳工艺条件下制备的膜层进行了XRD、SEM和EDS测试, 结果表明: 优化工艺后生长的膜层由锐钛矿型的TiO2组成, 陶瓷层表面分布大量微孔, 孔隙率为0.70×108, 孔密度为12%, 孔径约为3 μm。经碱化处理的膜层置于模拟体液中培养14 d后, 膜层表面被生长出的类骨磷灰石完全覆盖, 证明其具有良好的生物活性, 且生长出的缺钙型磷灰石与人体自然骨成分相似。但是, 随着培养时间的延长磷灰石层发生溶解。

关键词 无机非金属材料纯钛微弧氧化公式评分法电参数    
Abstract

The preparation parameters were systematically optimized in order to produce an appropriate micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating on pure titanium. Then the optimized MAO ceramic coating was subjected to alkali treatment. The bioactivity of the alkalized coating was evaluated by immersion test in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for certain times. The porosity, pore density and pore diameter of the MAO coatings were examined by formula scoring method. The results show that the best MAO may be produced with the following electrical parameters: positive voltage 400 V, duty ratio 60%, frequency 550 Hz, and oxidation time 25 min. The results of examination by XRD, SEM and EDS show that a uniform porous anatase TiO2 coating grew on titanium with porosity 12%, pore density 0.70×108, and a mean pore diameter 3 μm. The alkalized coating treated by alkali method was completely covered by bone-like apatite when it was cultured in SBF for 14 days. The calcium deficiency like apatite with a composition similar to that of human bone grew on the coating exhibits excellent bioactivity. But the apatite could dissolve with the extension of the culturing time.

Key wordsinorganic non-metallic materials    pure titanium    micro-arc oxidation    formula scoring method    electrical parameter
收稿日期: 2013-11-07     
基金资助:* 沈阳市科技计划F12-268-4-00 资助项目。
作者简介: 本文联系人: 李玉海, 教授
Element C Fe Si N H Ti
0.20 0.03 0.15 0.05 0.15 Margin
表1  纯钛TA2的化学成分
Level Factor A Factor B Factor C Factor D
Positive voltage ∕ V Frequency ∕ Hz Duty ratio ∕ % Oxidation time ∕ min
1 350 500 50 10
2 400 550 55 15
3 450 600 60 20
4 500 650 65 25
表2  正交优化实验因素水平表
Order Reagent Amount
1 NaCl 7.996 g
2 NaHCO3 0.350 g
3 KCl 0.224 g
4 K2HPO43H2O 0.228 g
5 MgCl26H2O 0.305 g
6 1 mol/L HCl 40 mL
7 CaCl2 0.278 g
8 Na2SO4 0.071 g
9 (CH2OH)3CNH2 6.057 g
表3  模拟体液配方
No. Factors∕Levels Experimental targets
A B C D Error Diameter/μm PPI/(×108 ε/%
1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 0.63 9.9
2 1 2 2 2 2 1.5 0.61 11.0
3 1 3 3 3 3 1.6 0.62 11.3
4 1 4 4 4 4 2.0 0.51 10.6
5 2 1 2 3 4 2.5 0.41 11.1
6 2 2 1 4 3 3.0 0.72 12.1
7 2 3 4 1 2 2.8 0.65 12.8
8 2 4 3 2 1 4.0 0.44 11.7
9 3 1 3 4 2 4.0 0.33 11.7
10 3 2 4 3 1 4.0 0.37 10.9
11 3 3 1 2 4 4.0 0.33 10.6
12 3 4 2 1 3 4.0 0.29 9.9
13 4 1 4 2 3 5.0 0.23 12.1
14 4 2 3 1 4 5.0 0.38 12.0
15 4 3 2 4 1
16 4 4 1 3 2
表4  实验方案及结果数据表
图1  膜层严重烧蚀的试样照片
No. Score of experimental target
Diameter PPI ε Comprehensive Score
1 0 0.82 0 1.64
2 0.03 0.78 0.38 2.73
3 0.03 0.80 0.48 3.07
4 0.14 0.57 0.24 2.00
5 0.29 0.37 0.41 2.26
6 0.43 1.00 0.76 4.71
7 0.37 0.86 1.00 5.09
8 0.71 0.43 0.62 3.43
9 0.71 0.20 0.62 2.97
10 0.71 0.29 0.34 2.31
11 0.71 0.20 0.24 1.83
12 0.71 0.12 0 0.95
13 1.00 0 0.76 3.28
14 1.00 0.31 0.72 3.78
15
16
表5  公式评分法结果数据表
Factor Comprehensive score
A B C D E
K1 9.44 10.15 8.18 11.46 7.38 ∑=40.05
K2 15.49 13.53 5.94 11.27 10.79
K3 8.06 9.99 13.25 7.64 12.01
K4 7.06 6.38 12.68 9.68 9.87
k1 2.36 2.54 2.73 2.87 2.46
k2 3.87 3.38 1.98 2.82 3.60
k3 2.02 3.33 3.31 2.55 3.00
k4 3.53 2.13 3.17 3.23 2.47
Range 1.85 1.25 1.33 0.68 1.14
Secondary factors A C B D
Excellent scheme A2C3B2D4
表6  公式评分法极差分析表
图2  工艺优化后膜层表面形貌
图3  工艺优化后膜层截面形貌
Element Atomic fraction ∕ %
O 67.52
P 8.66
Ti 23.82
表7  膜层表面元素组成
图4  工艺优化后膜层XRD谱
图5  纯钛微弧氧化膜经碱化处理后置于模拟体液中培养不同时间后的表面形貌
Element Composition
14 d 21 d
Ti 0 17.85
O 69.17 78.26
P 14.19 1.94
Ca 16.64 1.96
Ca ∕ P 1.17 1.01
表8  碱化处理后的膜层置于模拟体液培养不同天数后的表面元素组成
图6  纯钛微弧氧化膜经碱化处理后置于模拟体液中培养不同天数后表面沉积物的XRD谱
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