偏压技术在金刚石薄膜制备中应用的进展

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2021.287

材料研究学报

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (3): 161-174 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2021.287

综述

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偏压技术在金刚石薄膜制备中应用的进展

邵思武¹, 郑宇亭¹^,², 安康¹^,², 黄亚博¹, 陈良贤¹, 刘金龙¹, 魏俊俊¹, 李成明¹(

)

^1.北京科技大学新材料技术研究院北京 100083
^2.北京科技大学顺德研究生院广东 528399

Progress on Application of Bias Technology for Preparation of Diamond Films

SHAO Siwu¹, ZHENG Yuting¹^,², AN Kang¹^,², HUANG Yabo¹, CHEN Liangxian¹, LIU Jinlong¹, WEI Junjun¹, LI Chengming¹(

)

^1.Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
^2.Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Guangdong 528399, China

引用本文:

邵思武, 郑宇亭, 安康, 黄亚博, 陈良贤, 刘金龙, 魏俊俊, 李成明. 偏压技术在金刚石薄膜制备中应用的进展[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(3): 161-174.
Siwu SHAO, Yuting ZHENG, Kang AN, Yabo HUANG, Liangxian CHEN, Jinlong LIU, Junjun WEI, Chengming LI. Progress on Application of Bias Technology for Preparation of Diamond Films[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2022, 36(3): 161-174.

全文: PDF(13414 KB) HTML

摘要:

近年来，用偏压技术进行异质外延单晶金刚石生长并将其尺寸增大到英寸级以上。偏压技术强大的形核能力使其也可用于制备取向金刚石薄膜、纳米金刚石薄膜和超纳米金刚石薄膜。本文综述了国内外关于偏压技术的机理以及偏压的形式和设备等方面的研究现状，以及表面反应模型、热尖峰模型和亚层注入模型的机理。常用的偏压包括直流偏压、直流脉冲偏压、脉冲叠合偏压和双极性脉冲偏压。还介绍了偏压对金刚石薄膜组织和性能的影响，详细阐述了其对取向生长，二次形核率，无定形碳-石墨-金刚石相转变以及生长速率和结合力的作用规律和机理。加偏压能改变轰击粒子能量和特定基团的浓度、影响金刚石相的转变和晶粒取向和尺寸，进而影响金刚石薄膜的光，力，热，电学性能。还讨论了目前研究工作中存在的一些不足，如偏压作用的机理仍不清晰，对电子浓度变化，氢原子刻蚀的作用尚缺少明确的解释等。最后展望了偏压技术在金刚石制备领域未来的研究和应用方向。

关键词 ：评述, 化学气相沉积, 偏压, 金刚石薄膜, 异质外延生长

Abstract：

In recent years, heteroepitaxial monocrystalline diamond has been grown by bias voltage technique and its size has been increased to over inch level. Since the application of bias can act as a means to significantly promote nuclear capability of diamound, therefore, the bias voltage technology may be used to prepare oriented diamond films, nano diamond films and ultra-nano diamond films etc. In this paper, the mechanism related with the action of bias technology, the forms and devices of bias technology, as well as the mechanism of surface reaction model, thermal peak model and sublayer injection model are reviewed. The commonly used bias techniques include DC bias, DC pulse bias, pulse overlap bias and bipolar pulse bias. The effect of bias voltage on the microstructure and properties of diamond films are also introduced, and the effect of applied bias voltage on the orientation growth, secondary nucleation rate, amorphous carbon-graphite-diamond phase transition, growth rate and bonding force of diamond films are described in detail. Biasing can change the energy of bombarded particles and the concentration of specific groups, affect the transformation of diamond phase and grain orientation and size, and then affect the optical, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of diamond films. Some shortcomings in the present research work are also discussed, such as the mechanism related with the action of bias is still not clear, the change of electron concentration and the effect of hydrogen etching are still not clearly explained. Finally, the future research and application directions of bias voltage technology for diamond preparation are also prospected.

Key words： review chemical vapor deposition bias voltage diamond films heteroepitaxial growth

收稿日期: 2021-05-06

ZTFLH:

TB34

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2018YFB0406500);国家重点研发计划(2016YFE0133200);欧洲地平线Horizon 2020计划(734578);北京科技大学顺德研究生院科研经费(2020BH015)

作者简介: 邵思武，男，1995年生，博士生

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图1 等离子体放电和偏压的作用的示意图[30]

图2 偏压处理过程中硅衬底表面的反应

图3 不同能量离子的轰击效果和离子亚层注入诱导热尖峰[34]

图4 类金刚石团簇转换成金刚石团簇的示意图[36]

图5 直流偏压、直流脉冲偏压、脉冲叠合偏压和双极脉冲偏压[43]

图6 典型偏压辅助化学气相沉积设备示意图[44~47]

图7 典型BEN参数下几种粒子的强度分布(P=25 mbar, T=800℃, MW power=900 W, Ubias=-200 V, 100 sccm H2, 0.25 sccm CH4)和不同离子的总离子通量随负偏压的变化

图8 Ir衬底上BEN作用下金刚石外延形核过程：离子轰击诱导-掩埋横向生长机理[11]

图9 在硅[65] 和金属铱上金刚石的形核密度与偏压的关系[44]

图10 不同衬底上异质外延生长金刚石薄膜的表面形貌[42, 58, 67, 68]

图11 金刚石在Si(001)上定向成核时间窗随偏压的变化和10 μm厚金刚石薄膜暴露于-200 V偏压环境下15 min后的形貌[72]

图12 在0 V、 -100 V、 -200 V和、-300 V偏压下生长的beg-NCD薄膜的SEM照片，插图为横截面形貌[73]

图13 在-250 V偏压下N2/CH4等离子体中沉积10 min、30 min和60 min的超纳米金刚石薄膜的SEM 和TEM照片[72]

图14 未加偏压沉积UNCD/a-C薄膜的横截面照片和划痕照片以及在40 kHz偏压下沉积UNCD/a-C薄膜的横截面照片和)划痕照片[78]

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