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材料研究学报  2021, Vol. 35 Issue (6): 411-418    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2020.348
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用扩散法制备MgB2块材的研究进展
赵万里1,2, 索红莉1(), 刘敏1,2, 马麟1,2, 戴银明1,2, 张子立2()
1.北京工业大学材料与制造学部 北京 100124
2.中国科学院电工研究所 北京 100190
Research Progress in Preparation of MgB2 Bulk by Diffusion Method
ZHAO Wanli1,2, SUO Hongli1(), LIU Min1,2, MA Lin1,2, DAI Yinming1,2, ZHANG Zili2()
1.The Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
2.Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
引用本文:

赵万里, 索红莉, 刘敏, 马麟, 戴银明, 张子立. 用扩散法制备MgB2块材的研究进展[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(6): 411-418.
Wanli ZHAO, Hongli SUO, Min LIU, Lin MA, Yinming DAI, Zili ZHANG. Research Progress in Preparation of MgB2 Bulk by Diffusion Method[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2021, 35(6): 411-418.

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摘要: 

MgB2超导体具有优良的超导电性能，受到了极大的关注。用不同方法制备的MgB2超导体，其超导电性能也不尽相同。常压扩散法使用的设备简单且操作方便，制备出的MgB2超导电性能也较为优越。本文系统地介绍了属于扩散法的渗透生长法、渗透胶囊法、液相Mg扩散法和气相扩散法并对其优缺点进行了比较，重点介绍了液相Mg扩散法在超导电缆、电磁屏蔽和磁悬浮等方面的应用。根据对各种合成方法的比较及其相关的应用，展望了扩散合成法的发展趋势。
关键词 ： 评述,  特种功能无机非金属材料,  MgB2超导体,  扩散合成法,  强电应用    
Abstract：

Since the discovery of MgB2 superconductor in 2001, it has been highly concerned by scientists and engineers due to its peculiar characteristics. As a result, a number of different methods and approaches had been developed for the synthesis of MgB2 superconductor, whilst its performance in superconductivity varies significantly depending on the synthesis method. Among many synthesis methods, the diffusion method is the mostly effective way to synthesize MgB2 of superior superconductivity, while such process requires simple equipment and is easy to operate. This article systematically introduced various diffusion methods, including infiltration growth method, infiltration capsule method, liquid phase Mg diffusion method and vapor phase diffusion method, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were also compared. At the same time, the main application fields of liquid phase Mg diffusion method, such as superconducting cable, electromagnetic shielding and magnetic levitation, were introduced. Based on the comparison of various synthetic methods and their related applications, the development trend of diffusion synthesis was ulteriorly prospected.
Key words： review    special functional inorganic non-metallic materials    MgB2 superconductor    diffusion synthesis    strong current application
收稿日期: 2020-08-20     
ZTFLH:  TM26  
基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2018YFF0109401);中国科学院国际合作项目(182111KYSB20170067);国家自然基金(11745005);国家重大科研仪器研制项目(51827810);北京市教委科技计划一般项目(KM201810005010);北京市和北京工业大学211计划(PXM2019_014204_500031)
作者简介: 赵万里，男，1996年生，硕士生
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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2020.348      或      https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2021/V35/I6/411

图1  Mg-RLI法中Mg和B的相对位置[13]
ReferenceShapeExperimental conditionSizeCritical current densityOther property
[11]Cylindrical1223 K, 3 hD = 17 mm4.2 K, 10 T, Jc＞10 A/mm2;

Tc = 39~40 K;

ρ = 2.40 g/cm3

[12]Rod1173 K, 3 hL1 = 110 mm4.2 K, 10 T, Jc ≈ 0.9 A/mm2;ρ = 2.31 g/cm3
L2 = 75 mm4.2 K, 7 T, Jc ≈ 1.1 A/mm2;ρ = 2.09 g/cm3
[13]Rod1173 K, 3 hD = 10 mm，L = 100 mm4.2 K, 5 T, Jc＞10 A/mm2;ρ = 2.30 g/cm3
[20]Rod1173 K, 3 hD = 10 mm，L = 100 mm

20 K, 3 T,

Jc1 = 10~20 A/mm2

Jc2 ≈ 50 A/mm2

ρL = 2.35 g/cm3
Tubular1173 K, 2 hL = 260 mm, Dint= 7 mm, Dout = 9 mm
Cylinder1173 K, 2.5 hL = 58.74 mm，Dint = 25.57 mm，Dout = 48.25 mm
Large cylinder1123 K, 3 hL = 75 mm，Dout = 100 mm，Dint = 10 mm
Ring1123 K, 1 hDint = 10 mm，Dout = 15 mm，L = 9 mm
[21]Superconductor insert1173 K, 3 hDmax = 54 mm，Dmin = 20 mm

4.2 K, 4 T,

Jc ≈ 64.52 A/mm2

The distribution of magnetic field is more uniform after magnetization
表1  部分用Mg-RLI法合成的MgB2超导体
图2  用Infiltration and Growth法合成MgB2的过程[24]
图3  渗透胶囊法的特质容器[27]
图4  改进后的容器和制备的MgB2块体[29]
图5  气固合成法的特制炉管[31]
图6  三种超导接头
图7  超导轴承的设计模型[43-44]
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