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材料研究学报  2021, Vol. 35 Issue (3): 161-174    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2020.303
  综述 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
单晶高温合金表面缺陷焊接修复的研究进展
郎振乾, 叶政, 杨健, 黄继华()
北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院 北京 100083
Research Progress of Repair Technology for Surface Defects of Single Crystal Superalloy
LANG Zhenqian, YE Zheng, YANG Jian, HUANG Jihua()
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
引用本文:

郎振乾, 叶政, 杨健, 黄继华. 单晶高温合金表面缺陷焊接修复的研究进展[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(3): 161-174.
Zhenqian LANG, Zheng YE, Jian YANG, Jihua HUANG. Research Progress of Repair Technology for Surface Defects of Single Crystal Superalloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2021, 35(3): 161-174.

全文: PDF(27589 KB)   HTML
摘要: 

单晶高温合金的性能优异，但是制造成本昂贵，因此其表面缺陷的焊接修复一直是单晶高温合金领域的重要研究课题。本文全面阐述了各类焊接修复(包括熔焊、钎焊和瞬时液相扩散焊)方法对修复区的组织和修复后力学性能的影响，分析了各类焊接修复方法的局限性和存在的问题，并指出了单晶高温合金表面缺陷焊接修复的发展方向。
关键词 ： 评述,  金属材料,  单晶高温合金,  修复,  表面缺陷,  焊接    
Abstract：

Single crystal superalloy has excellent properties at elevated temperature, but it is burdened with high manufacturing costs. The repair of single crystal superalloy by welding and joining has been an important research subject in the field of single crystal superalloy. In this paper, a comprehensive overview on the development of surface defects repair technology in the field of single crystal superalloy was presented, and the effect of repair technologies (including fusion welding, brazing and transient liquid phase bonding) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the repaired zone was summarized. The problems and limitations of the present repair technologies were analyzed. Finally, the future development direction of repair technology was also proposed.
Key words： review    metallic materials    single crystal superalloy    repair technology    surface defects    welding and brazing
收稿日期: 2020-07-21     
ZTFLH:  TG47  
基金资助:装备预研领域基金(61409230313)
作者简介: 郎振乾，男，1992年生，博士生
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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2020.303      或      https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2021/V35/I3/161

图1  CMSX-4单晶高温合金中裂纹扩展形貌[9]
图2  典型蚀坑形貌及延伸裂纹[15]
图3  不同冷却速度条件下TMS-75单晶高温合金TIG焊修复后形貌[20]
图4  PWA1480单晶高温合金电子束焊修复组织[27]
图5  (a)激光熔凝工艺示意图和(b)激光熔凝熔池剖面[30]
图6  单层激光熔覆工艺示意图[36]
GradeCrCoWMoAlTiTaReNiReference
SubstrateDD325.09.08.61.16.0-4.04.0Bal.[40]
PowderDD325.09.08.61.16.0-4.04.0Bal.
SubstrateCMSX-46.59.06.00.65.61.06.53.0Bal.[41~43]
PowderCMSX-46.59.06.00.65.61.06.53.0Bal.
SubstrateCSU-B16.010.06.51.66.60.46.0-Bal.[39]
PowderCSU-B16.010.06.51.66.60.46.0-Bal.
SubstrateDD57.07.55.01.56.2-6.53.0Bal.[36, 37, 44]
PowderGH73819.513.5-4.21.43.0--Bal.
SubstrateDD64.39.08.02.05.6--2.0Bal.[36, 44]
PowderGH73819.513.5-4.21.43.0--Bal.
表1  几种单晶高温合金基体与熔覆材料的主要化学成分(质量分数, %)
图7  激光熔覆单层(a)EBSD图像, (b)宏观截面, (c)微观组织; 三层(d)EBSD图像, (e)宏观截面, (f)微观组织[39]
图8  单晶基体绕[100]、[010]和[001]轴旋转示意图[29]
图9  单晶激光熔凝区横截面[29]
图10  单晶修复区熔池几何模型[35]
图11  参数为[100]-240W-1 mm/s条件下实际与模拟的激光熔凝组织对照[48]
图12  基体表面旋转不同角度时，激光熔凝组织中杂晶含量的模拟分布情况[28]
图13  修复区组织结构与激光功率P、扫描速率Vb和预热温度T0的函数关系[49]
图14  不同温度梯度与凝固速率下的凝固组织[51]
图15  激光熔覆过程中凝固裂纹形成机理示意图[39]
图16  不同钎料钎焊修复Rene N5单晶后微观组织[57]
图17  典型TLP过程示意图[60]
图18  随保温时间延长，固液界面示意图[63]
图19  不同保温时间下，修复区(原始尺寸为300 μm)的微观组织[63]
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