碳纳米角的制备及其应用进展

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2020.397

材料研究学报

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (6): 401-410 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2020.397

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

碳纳米角的制备及其应用进展

宋小龙¹, 骆伟静¹, 南艳丽²(

)

^1.西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室西安 710049
^2.西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院西安 710055

A Review for Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Nanohorns

SONG Xiaolong¹, LUO Weijing¹, NAN Yanli²(

)

^1.State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an 710049, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi 'an 710055, China

引用本文:

宋小龙, 骆伟静, 南艳丽. 碳纳米角的制备及其应用进展[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(6): 401-410.
Xiaolong SONG, Weijing LUO, Yanli NAN. A Review for Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Nanohorns[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2021, 35(6): 401-410.

全文: PDF(12098 KB) HTML

摘要:

碳纳米角(Carbon nanohorns，CNHs)具有独特的物理化学性能，本文综述其制备方法、结构特征、形成机理、性能及其应用。用电弧放电法或CO₂激光蒸发法，可工业化大规模生产高品质、低成本、无催化剂的CNHs。CNHs的形貌为大丽花型和种子型，由上千个单壁锥形碳管自组装形成。锥形管的尖端具有帽檐结构，锥角为20°，管径为2~5 nm，在尖端上分布着类富勒烯曲面结构的碳五元环和碳七元环，其芯部由短程无序的石墨烯片层组成。改变制备条件可在50~400 nm范围内调控CNHs的尺寸。CNHs具有特殊的结构和物理化学性质，如优异的导电性、预处理后的超高比表面积、电磁特性、热稳定性等。这些特点，使其在超级电容器、催化剂载体和生物载药等领域得到了广泛应用。但是，CNHs还有更多未知的物理化学性能和应用潜能，应该进一步深入研究。

关键词 ：评述, 无机非金属材料, 碳材料, 碳纳米角, 制备, 应用

Abstract：

Carbon nanohorns (CNHs) have become the focus of intense research due to their special physical and chemical properties. The preparation, structure, formation mechanism, property and applications of CNHs were presented in this review. As processes of cost-effective, high-purity, high-yield (industrial scale) and catalyst-free, CNHs can be produced by arc discharge and CO₂ laser ablation. CNHs are spherical aggregates, consisting of thousands of individual nanohorns with 2~5 nm in diameter and 20° cone angle. The tips of individual CNH have massive topological defects, for example, pentagon- and heptagon-shaped ones. The core part is made up of disordered graphene, hence such a compound structure leads to distinct physical and chemical properties compared with other nano-carbons. In addition, the diameter of CNHs can be adjusted within the range of 50~400 nm by adjusting the experimental procedures and parameters, correspondingly, their morphology changes form "dahlia-like"- to "bud-like"-type. The high purity and thermal stability, excellent electrical conductivity, combined with microporosity and mesoporosity, high surface area after post treatments make CNHs a promising candidate in many applications, such as super capacitor, catalyst support or catalyst, drug carrier systems, etc. Finally there still exist more unknown physical and chemical properties and application potential for this novel carbon nanohorns, which should be further studied.

Key words： review inorganic non-metallic materials carbon materials carbon nanohorns preparation applications

收稿日期: 2020-09-22

ZTFLH:

TB321

作者简介: 宋小龙，男，1962年生，教授

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2020.397 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2021/V35/I6/401

图1 CNHs的基本结构

图2 大丽花型碳纳米角和种子型碳纳米角的TEM和HRTEM图像[33]

图3 在高于36 Gpa的压力下生成的新相的拉曼特征峰、在40.2 GPa下样品腔的光学照片以及原位同步辐射XRD测试结果

图4 激光燃烧法三室分离系统[5]

图5 水中电弧放电法制备CNHs装置的示意图[39]

图6 负载铂颗粒的CNHs的TEM照片[54]

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