316LN奥氏体不锈钢的高温拉伸断裂行为<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2014.120

材料研究学报

2014, Vol. 28

Issue (7): 481-489 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.120

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

316LN奥氏体不锈钢的高温拉伸断裂行为^*

吴从风¹,李时磊¹,张海龙¹,王西涛¹(

),王根启²

1. 北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室北京 100083
2. 烟台台海玛努尔核电设备股份有限公司烟台 264003

On High Temperature Tensile Fracture Behavior of 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel

Congfeng WU¹,Shilei LI¹,Hailong ZHANG¹,Xitao WANG^1,^**(

),Genqi WANG²

1. State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083
2. Yantai Taihai Marnoir Nuclear Equipment Co. Ltd., Yantai 264003

引用本文:

吴从风,李时磊,张海龙,王西涛,王根启. 316LN奥氏体不锈钢的高温拉伸断裂行为^*[J]. 材料研究学报, 2014, 28(7): 481-489.
Congfeng WU, Shilei LI, Hailong ZHANG, Xitao WANG, Genqi WANG. On High Temperature Tensile Fracture Behavior of 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2014, 28(7): 481-489.

全文: PDF(8282 KB) HTML

摘要:

用Gleeble 1500D热力模拟试验机研究了锻造态的AISI 316LN奥氏体不锈钢650-1300℃的热塑性及高温拉伸断裂行为, 应变速率为0.5 s^-1。结果表明, 在650-1250℃温度范围内, 材料的断面收缩率先随着变形温度的升高而降低, 在850℃达到最低后开始大幅升高, 高于1000℃时都保持在85%以上。但是当温度升高到1300℃时, 由于晶粒尺寸急剧变大其晶界强度下降, 断面收缩率又急剧降低。用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了试样的热变形区的组织变化和断口形貌, 发现材料在1000℃以上热变形时发生了动态再结晶。动态再结晶提高了材料塑性, 阻碍了裂纹的扩展。在断口附近裂纹产生的过程包括微裂纹的形核、长大和聚集且和晶界处富集的夹杂物有关。能谱分析表明, 这些夹杂物主要是球状的硫化物和不规则的氧化铝类夹杂物。

关键词 ：金属材料, 奥氏体不锈钢, 热塑性, 热拉伸, 动态再结晶, 断裂行为

Abstract：

Hot ductility, stress-strain behavior and high temperature tensile fracture behavior of wrought 316LN stainless steel were investigated. Hot tensile tests were carried out on a Gleeble 1500D thermal simulator system at a strain rate of 0.5 s^-1 over the temperature range 650-1300℃. The percentage reduction of area (RA) decreased with the increasing deformation temperature over the range of 650-850℃, and then starting from 850℃, it began to increase dramatically with values over 85% above 1000℃. When the deformation temperature comes to 1300℃, RA decreased sharply as a result of the grain coarsening due to over-heating. With the help of optical microscopy, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was observed for the steel deformed at temperature over 1000℃. The enhancement of ductility induced by DRX was considered to play an important role in inhibition of the crack propagation. The high temperature tensile failure process of 316LN includes the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of microscopic cavities. The SEM/EDS results show that the sulfide and alumina at grain boundaries may be responsible to the formation process of cracks.

Key words： metallic materials austenitic stainless steel hot ductility hot tensile dynamic recrystallization fracture behavior

收稿日期: 2014-03-14

基金资助:* 国家高技术研究发展计划2012AA03A507资助项目。

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2014.120 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2014/V28/I7/481

表1 实验用316LN奥氏体不锈钢的化学成分

图1 316LN金相组织和晶粒尺寸统计

图2 316LN在不同变形温度下的真应力-真应变曲线

图3 316LN在不同温度热拉伸的组织变化

图4 316LN再结晶晶粒尺寸与变形温度的关系

图5 εt-εp与变形温度的关系

图6 0.5 s-1的应变速率下316LN的变形抗力和断面收缩率随变形温度的变化及热拉伸样的宏观断口形貌

图7 试样在1300℃拉伸断口附近组织

图8 316LN的高温拉伸特性曲线

图9 316LN在不同温度下热拉伸断口形貌

图10 316LN在不同温度下热拉伸样断口处韧窝内质点EDS分析

图11 316LN热拉伸断口附近微孔的形成过程

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