三向正交纤维增强铝基复合材料经向拉伸渐进损伤及其断裂力学行为

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2020.448

材料研究学报

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (7): 500-510 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2020.448

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

三向正交纤维增强铝基复合材料经向拉伸渐进损伤及其断裂力学行为

刘丰华¹, 赵文豪¹, 蔡长春¹, 王振军¹(

), 沈高峰¹, 张映锋¹^,², 徐志锋¹, 余欢¹

^1.南昌航空大学航空制造工程学院南昌 330063
^2.西北工业大学机电工程学院西安 710072

Damage Evolution and Fracture Behavior of Three-directional Orthogonal Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites under Longitudinal Tensile Loading

LIU Fenghua¹, ZHAO Wenhao¹, CAI Changchun¹, WANG Zhenjun¹(

), SHEN Gaofeng¹, ZHANG Yingfeng¹^,², XU Zhifeng¹, YU Huan¹

^1.School of Aeronautical Manufacturing Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
^2.School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

引用本文:

刘丰华, 赵文豪, 蔡长春, 王振军, 沈高峰, 张映锋, 徐志锋, 余欢. 三向正交纤维增强铝基复合材料经向拉伸渐进损伤及其断裂力学行为[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(7): 500-510.
Fenghua LIU, Wenhao ZHAO, Changchun CAI, Zhenjun WANG, Gaofeng SHEN, Yingfeng ZHANG, Zhifeng XU, Huan YU. Damage Evolution and Fracture Behavior of Three-directional Orthogonal Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites under Longitudinal Tensile Loading[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2022, 36(7): 500-510.

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摘要:

用真空压力浸渗法制备了新型三向正交碳纤维增强铝基(CF/Al)复合材料,根据其内部纱线截面形状和机织结构特征建立了考虑界面作用的细观力学有限元模型,并将数值模拟与实验相结合研究了复合材料在经向拉伸载荷作用下的渐进损伤与断裂力学行为。结果表明,铝基复合材料拉伸弹性模量、极限强度与断裂应变的实验结果,分别为120.7 GPa、771.75 MPa和0.83%。数值模拟的计算误差分别为-3.21%、1.75%和-9.63%,宏观应力-应变曲线的计算结果与实验曲线吻合得较好。在经向拉伸载荷作用下复合材料的基体合金与Z向纱之间的界面先发生失效,随着拉伸应变量的增大纱线交织处基体合金的损伤逐渐累积并先后发生Z纱和纬纱的局部开裂失效,在拉伸变形后期基体合金的失效和经纱断裂最终使复合材料失去承载能力。铝基复合材料的拉伸断口呈现出经纱轴向断裂以及纬纱和Z向纱横向开裂的形貌,起主要承载作用的经纱其轴向断口较为平齐且纤维拔出长度较短,复合材料经向拉伸时表现出一定的脆性断裂特征。

关键词 ：复合材料, 力学性能, 细观力学, 渐进损伤

Abstract：

A novel 3D orthogonal weaving carbon fibre reinforced Al-matrix composite was prepared by vacuum-pressure infiltration method. A finite element based micromechanical model by considering the interfacial action was developed according to the characteristics of cross-section morphology and weaving structure of yarns in the composite, and then the progressive damage and fracture behavior of the composites subjected to longitudinal tensile loading were assessed via experiment and numerical simulation. The results shown that the acquired tensile modulus, ultimate strength and fracture strain is 120.7 GPa, 771.75 MPa and 0.83%, respectively. The computationally predicted stress-strain curve agrees well with the experimental ones, and the calculation error of the above properties is -3.21%, 1.75% and -9.63%, respectively. At the initial tensile stage local interface failure was observed between the matrix alloy and Z directional yarns. With the increase of tensile strain, the matrix damage zone in the interspace of yarns accumulate gradually and lead to the transverse cracking of Z directional yarns and weft yarns successively. At the final tensile stage, the warp yarns and matrix alloy failed concurrently, and hence the composite lost its bearing capacity. Warp yarns fracture and transverse cracking of weft and Z directional yarns were observed on the tensile fracture morphology. The axial fracture of warp yarns, which play predominant role in load bearing, is flat and with limited fiber pull-out morphology. As a result, the composites exhibit quasi-brittle fracture behavior during the longitudinal tensile process.

Key words： composite mechanical property micromechanics progressive damage

收稿日期: 2020-10-25

ZTFLH:

TB331

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52162018);国家自然科学基金(51765045);航空科学基金(2019ZF056013);江西省自然科学基金(20202ACBL204010);国防基础科研计划(JCKY2018401C004)

作者简介: 刘丰华,男,1996年生,硕士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2020.448 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2022/V36/I7/500

表1 石墨纤维M40J的基本性能参数

表2 铝合金ZL301的化学成分

表3 三向正交织物编织工艺参数

图1 三向正交织物和三向正交CF/Al复合材料

图2 真空压力浸渗炉示意图

图3 三向正交CF/Al复合材料拉伸试样

图4 三向正交CF/Al复合材料的显微组织结构

图5 三向正交CF/Al复合材料细观结构几何模型的建模过程

图6 三向正交CF/Al复合材料的细观结构单胞几何模型

图7 改进后的PBC示意图

/MPa

E m

ν m

$σ y m$

/MPa

$E H m$

/MPa

$σ u m$

/MPa

$ε 0 p l$

$ε f p l$

81700

0.33

79.0

24900

130.0

0.16

0.80

表4 基体合金的弹性和塑性性能

$E 11 f$ /GPa	$E 22 f$ /GPa	$υ 12 f$	$υ 23 f$	$G 12 f$ /GPa	$G 23 f$ /GPa	$X t f$ /MPa	$X c f$ /MPa
377	19	0.26	0.3	8.9	7.3	1760	900

表5 纤维的弹性和强度[24]

$E 11$ /MPa	$E 22$ /MPa	$G 12$ /MPa	$G 23$ /MPa	$ν 12$	$ν 23$
285460	21840	10120	8380	0.28	0.59
$X t$ /MPa	$X c$ /MPa	$Y t$ /MPa	$Y c$ /MPa	$S 12$ /MPa	$S 23$ /MPa
1240	750	34	112	100	16

表6 纱线的弹性常数与强度性能参数

$t n 0$ /MPa	$t s 0$ /MPa	$t t 0$ /MPa	$Δ ¯ 0$ /10^-6m	$Δ ¯ f$ /10^-6m
16.0	9.5	9.5	0.08	0.72

表7 细观力学模型中界面结合性能参数

图8 内聚力模型的牵引力-分离位移法则

图9 三向正交CF/Al复合材料拉伸应力-应变的计算曲线和试验曲线

表8 三向正交CF/Al复合材料拉伸力学性能的计算和试验结果

图10 三向正交CF/Al复合材料的拉伸损伤演化和失效过程

图11 三向正交CF/Al复合材料经向拉伸断口的形貌

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