基于团簇结构模型的低活化铁素体/马氏体钢成分设计*

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2014.134

材料研究学报

2014, Vol. 28

Issue (8): 594-600 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.134

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

基于团簇结构模型的低活化铁素体/马氏体钢成分设计*

石尧,王清(

),李群,董闯

大连理工大学三束材料改性教育部重点实验室大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院大连 116024

Composition Design of Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic (RAFM) Steels Based on Cluster Structure Model

Yao SHI,Qing WANG(

),Qun LI,Chuang DONG

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Materials Modification, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024

引用本文:

石尧,王清,李群,董闯. 基于团簇结构模型的低活化铁素体/马氏体钢成分设计*[J]. 材料研究学报, 2014, 28(8): 594-600.
Yao SHI, Qing WANG, Qun LI, Chuang DONG. Composition Design of Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic (RAFM) Steels Based on Cluster Structure Model[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2014, 28(8): 594-600.

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摘要:

使用“团簇加连接原子”结构模型研究了低活化铁素体/马氏体钢的成分特征, 确定了BCC Fe-Cr二元基础团簇式[Cr-Fe₁₄](Cr_0.5Fe_0.5), 其中团簇[Cr-Fe₁₄]是以溶质原子Cr为心周围被14个基体Fe包围的菱形十二面体。根据团簇式自洽放大和相似组元替代原则, 添加V、Mn、Mo、W、Nb和C等合金元素得到2个系列团簇成分式, 无C系列[Cr₁₆Fe₂₂₄](Cr₈(V, Nb, Mn, Mo, W, Fe)₈)和含C系列{[Cr₁₆Fe₂₂₄](Cr₈(V, Nb, Mn, Mo, W, Fe)₈)}C₁。使用铜模吸铸快冷技术制备直径6 mm的合金棒, 将其在1323 K保温0.5 h +水冷, 随后在1023 K保温1 h+水冷。结果表明, 无C系列置换固溶体合金为单一铁素体组织, 含C系列合金的微观组织随着合金化组元种类和含量的不同而变化; 合金的硬度随着组织的改变而改变, 且置换固溶体系列合金的硬度随着合金体电子浓度VEC/R_a³的增加而单调降低。

关键词 ：金属材料, 铁基合金, 低活化铁素体/马氏体钢, 团簇结构模型, 成分设计

Abstract：

The composition characteristics of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels were investigated using a cluster-plus-glue-atom model. The basic cluster formula [Cr-Fe₁₄](Cr_0.5Fe_0.5) was determined, where the cluster part [Cr-Fe₁₄] is a rhombic dodecahedron centered by Cr and surrounded by 14 Fe atoms. According to the principle related with self-consistent magnification of cluster formula and similar element substitution, two multi-component alloys were designed by adding V, Mn, Mo, W, Nb and C into [Cr-Fe₁₄](Cr_0.5Fe_0.5) i.e.[Cr₁₆Fe₂₂₄](Cr₈(V, Nb, Mn, Mo, W, Fe)₈) and {[Cr₁₆Fe₂₂₄](Cr₈(V, Nb, Mn, Mo, W, Fe)₈)}C₁. Alloy rods with a diameter of 6 mm were prepared by copper mould suction casting method, then normalized at 1323 K for 0.5 h and tempered at 1023 K for 1 h, both followed by water-quenching. The experimental results revealed that the substitutional solid solution alloys without C exhibit a monolithic ferrite microstructure and that of the other serial alloys with C varies with alloying elements and their contents. The microhardness (HV) of alloys changes with microstructures, and furthermore, while the HV of substitutional solid solution alloys decreases monotonously with the increase of the valence electron concentration per volume VEC/R_a³.

Key words： metallic materials Fe-based alloys reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels cluster structure model composition design

收稿日期: 2014-03-24

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金51171035, 沈鼓基金和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金DUT14LAB12资助项目。

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2014.134 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2014/V28/I8/594

图1 BCC结构中的菱形十二面体团簇, 在Fe-Cr二元体系中溶质原子Cr占据团簇心部, 周围被14个基体Fe原子占据, 形成[Cr-Fe14]团簇

表1 典型的RAFM钢合金成分及团簇式

图2 Fe-Cr相图

表2 设计合金的成分、显微组织及硬度

图3 [Cr16Fe224](Cr8(V, Nb, Mn, Mo, W, Fe)8) (a)和{[Cr16Fe224](Cr8(V, Nb, Mn, Mo, W, Fe)8)}C1 (b)系列合金热处理后的XRD谱

图4 系列合金热处理后的组织

表3 设计合金成分中的每种元素的价电子数和原子半径

图5 系列合金的硬度随着体电子浓度VEC/Ra3的变化

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