Diatomite-templated carbon was prepared with diatomite as template and furfuryl alcohol (FA) as carbon resource, which was further activated with potassium hydroxide as activating agent. The prepared carbon materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N₂ adsorption. Simultaneously, the electrochemical properties of the porous carbon before and after activation were studied. The results show that the porous carbon after activation has higher degree of disorder in chemical structure and better electrochemical properties rather than the one before activation. The specific capacitance of the porous carbon was in the range from 45.0 to 69.2 Fg^-1 by the current density of 1 Ag^-1 and the capacitance retention remains more than 45% by the current density of 20 Ag^-1. These results show that the porous carbon after activation has good electrochemical performance and it's an ideal material for electric double layer capacitor.

A MoSi₂-Si₃N₄ anti-oxidation coating was prepared on the surface of recrystallized silicon carbide heating elements by a simple and low-cost slurry method. Oxidation test of the coating was conducted in oxidizing atmosphere at 1500℃ for 100 h. Results show that the coating is dense and smooth without penetrating pores or micro-cracks. During the course of coating forming, the slurry filled the open pores of large size on the surface of the heating element, thus increasing its density and improving its oxidation resistance. After oxidation test the electrical resistivity of uncoated heating element increases 84.6%, while the coated one increases only 10.2%. The oxidation resistance of heating element was significantly improved with the applied coating. Results of comparative experiments show that the oxidation resistance of MoSi₂-Si₃N₄ muti-phase coating is better than that of the single MoSi₂ coating.

The composition rule of the high-performance Fe-Cr-Al-Mo-Nb alloys was investigated in light of a cluster formula approach, and then a ternary cluster formula of Fe₇₅Al_9.375Cr_15.625 (at.%) was determined. Mo, Nb, Ta, and Zr were added into the alloy to partially substitute for partial Cr of Fe-Cr-Al-Mo-Nb alloys. Alloy ingots were prepared by vacuum arc melting, and then solution-treated at 1200oC for 2h before hot-rolled at 800oC into sheets. The alloy sheets samples were aged at 800oC for 24 hrs, followed by re-solution treatments at 1000oC, 1100oC and 1200oC for 1 h respectively. The microstructure and microstructural stability at high temperature of the alloy sheetssamples under various treatments were comparatively studied compared to study the HT microstructural stability of this series of alloys. The results show that the fine precipitates (Laves phase) distributed homogeneously in the ferritic matrix of the aged Mo/Nb/Ta/Zr alloy sheetsed samples. However, these particles begin to re-dissolve into the matrix after 1000oC/1 h solution treatment. Moreover, these particles disappeared in the Mo/Nb containing alloy after 1200oC/1 h solution, while Ta or Zr further minor-alloying could still ensure a certain amount of precipitates distributed on the grain boundaries, which effectively suppresses the abnormal growth of grains at high temperature. Therefore, the HT microstructural stability at high temperature and the resulted ant mechanical properties could be improved.

In order to study the effect of different B element content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of martensitic steel microstructure prepared B element content was 0.012%, 0.02% and 0.03% of the ingredients, discussed the different elements in the matrix B influence mechanism BN phase morphology. The results showed that: with the increase of B content, size matrix BN phase is gradually increased, 0.03% B BN phase in the sample size to about 5 μm; 0.012% B sample tensile and yield strength of the highest value ; Fracture dimples 0.012% B sample in BN phase is the internal fragmentation of the massive, 0.03% B sample BN phase appears stacked sheets laminated spherical shape, because initially formed hexagonal BN phase nuclei in the form of structural growth , after reaching a critical size in the high B content side to locally grown under preferential growth is improved to increase the content of spherical BN B limits of size.

The influence of heat treatment temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure, phase and tensile deformation behavior of Ti-alloy Ti6246 alloy was investigated. The results show that the α′′ martensite was observed in prior β phase after solution heat treatment followed by water quenching. While a fine transformed β microstructure produced as a result of air cooling. For the air cooling alloy, both the size and volume fraction of the secondary α grain increased with the increasing solution heat temperature in air cooling samples. A “double yield” phenomenon appeared in the engineering stress-strain curves of the water quenching alloy samples. After aging treatment, the strength of water- and air-cooled alloys samples increased but the plasticity decreased. An optimal property in strength and ductility was achieved for the alloysamples after soluted solution treated at 900-920°C and then aged at 595°C.

The corrosion behavior of Al-alloy 7A04 under the condition of alternating condensation cycle with sulfur dioxide for 8 h and dry cycle for 16 h has been investigated by SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning kelvin probe (SKP). The results show that the corrosion of 7A04 alloy in the sulfur dioxide containing environmental condition of condensation cycle seems to be is an atmospheric the corrosion under thin liquid layer, like atmosphere corrosion. The corrosion products increase with time. Mass loss value gradually adds. The results of surface observation show that corrosion product is in the shape or in clusters. Corrosion product is made up of alumina and aluminum sulfate hydrate. The corrosion morphology shows mainly pitting corrosion and slight erosion. EIS simulation results exhibit that the corrosion rate of 7A04 alloy decreases sharply at the initial stage and gradually levels off at the later stage. Surface potential distribution maps reveal that the corrosion potential increase with corrosion time and become stable after 240 h, and the local active dissolution is related to the zonal distribution of the intermetallic compounds.

The branch Side-chains of the natural rubber molecular chain are investigated in this thesis. The instruments such as by means of Gel Permeation Chromatograph (GPC), Kjeldahl Auto Analyzer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR) Spectrometer etc. in terms of the epoxide group, hydroxyl, aldehyde group, and carboxyl group, as well as the 3,4-polymeric structures of the chain are used to detect the variety and content of branch. The experimental results show that the contents of epoxide group is 0.63%, hydroxyl is 0.04%, aldehyde groups is 0.11%, carboxyl groups is 0.01%. Based on these results, a model of molecular chain has been built is established for the natural rubbe.

V₂O₅ gel was prepared by sol-gel method and V₂O₅ nanomaterial was fabricated by freeze-drying the V₂O₅ gel with proper pH value and followed by annealing treatment. XRD and FESEM results revealed that the prepared V₂O₅ nanomaterial consists of a single orthorhombic phase small V₂O₅ nanoparticles with alarge are a two-dimensional fold-like morphology. The lithium storage performance of the prepared V₂O₅ nanomaterial was characterized by cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), potential relaxation technique(PRT), and charge-discharge tests. Due to the unique two-dimensional fold-like nanostructure, the prepared V₂O₅ nanomaterial exhibits much higher specific discharge capacity, better high rate performance, excellent cycling stability, and enhanced electrochemical reaction kinetics rather than the commercial V₂O₅. Therefore, the two-dimensional fold-like V₂O₅ nanomaterial is a very promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries.

The Co and N co-doped mesoporous TiO₂ was successfully synthesized by an evaporation-induced self-assembly process, using tetrabutyl titanate as a Ti source and triblock copolymer F127 as a template. The crystal structure and morphology of the synthesized mesoporous TiO₂ was characterized by means of XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, XPS, and physical adsorption instrument. Photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst was investigated through degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and 2, 4-dichlorophenol (DCP) by UV-visible absorption spectrometry. The results show that the Co and N co-doped mesoporous TiO₂ presents a narrow pore size distribution (3.65 nm), and of which the light absorption band of photocatalyst was extended to visible light area after the Co and N co-doped mesoporous TiO₂, with a photocatalytic activity is significantly higher than that of the P25(pure TiO₂) and Co doped mesoporous TiO₂. Under visible light illumination (500 W xenon lamp, λ>420 nm) for the Co and N co-doped mesoporous TiO₂ photocatalysts exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity with, and the RhB and DCP degradation efficiencies y for RhB and DCP were as up to 98.3% and 66.3% respectively after irradiation 120 min.

LaCl₃ doped organic-inorganic hybrid flame-retardant materials of LaCl₃/PAM/ SiO₂nH₂O were prepared with Na₂SiO₃9H₂O-KOH modified silica ash as base material, and with PAM, LaCl₃7H₂O and Na₄P₂O₇10H₂O as additives. Then the effect of the addition amount of PAM, LaCl₃7H₂O and Na₄P₂O₇10H₂O on the flame-retardant property of the LaCl₃/PAM/ SiO₂nH₂O was investigated via orthogonal experiments L₉(3⁴). In the meanwhile, the flame-retardant materials of LaCl₃/PAM/ SiO₂nH₂O were characterized by using TG/DSC, SEM, XRD and FT-IR. Results show that the LOI of the cotton canvas with an applied surface film of LaCl₃/PAM/SiO₂nH₂O can reach 39.2%; the sequence of the effectiveness of the additives on the flame-retardant property of LaCl₃/PAM/SiO₂nH₂O can be ranked as PAM > LaCl₃7H₂O > Na₄P₂O₇10H₂O according to the results of range analysis. The results of XRD and SEM showed that the PAM favored the formation of denser amorphous swelling silica layers, the results of FT-IR and TG/DSC confirmed that the prepared flame-retardant materials held excellent high-temperature thermal stability, leading to the occurrence of heat insulation and fire-resistance effects.

Cathode material of Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂ was synthesized firstly via co-precipitation method with Na₂CO₃ and NH₃H₂O as precipitation agent and complexing agent respectively and then followed by high temperature sintering process at 950^oC. Further, the prepared Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂ was coated with LaF₃ through wet chemistry method. The Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂ without and with LaF₃ coating was characterized by means of XRD, SEM, TEM. The results show that the Cathode material may be successfully coated with LaF₃ without changing its microstructure. Finally, the cathode material was examined by electrochemical means and which shows that its electrochemical properties were significantly enhanced after applying the LaF₃ coating. The specific discharge capacity of the LaF₃ coated Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂ is 20.3 mAhg^-1 higher than that of bare Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂ at 5C rate. Meanwhile, the LaF₃-Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂ delivered an outstanding cycle stability with a high capacity retention of 94.8% after 100 cycles. Therefore, LaF₃ coating method could be an effective way to enhance the electrochemical properties of Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13]O₂.