Influence of Cerium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast T15 High Speed Steel

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.126

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (12): 932-940 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.126

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Influence of Cerium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast T15 High Speed Steel

TU Houtian¹^,², HU Xiaoqiang³^,⁴(

), YANG Renxian³^,⁴, WANG Qian¹^,², LI Dianzhong³^,⁴

1 School of Rare Earths, University of Science and Technology of China, Ganzhou 341000, China
2 Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
3 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
4 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

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TU Houtian, HU Xiaoqiang, YANG Renxian, WANG Qian, LI Dianzhong. Influence of Cerium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast T15 High Speed Steel. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(12): 932-940.

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Abstract

The effect of Ce addition on the microstructure and Ce distribution characteristics of the as-cast T15 high speed steel (T15 HSS) was investigated by OM, SEM, XRD, EBSD and EPMA. The primary carbides and mechanical properties of the as-cast T15 micro-alloyed without and with Ce were also assessed comparatively by nanoindentation and tensile tests. The results show that the amount of alloyed Ce in T15 HSS enriches mainly in rare earth containing granular inclusions, but a few distributes uniformly in MC primary carbides. The addition of 0.021wt.%Ce does not change the as-cast microstructure types, but it obviously refines the primary carbides, remarkably enhances the plasticity and toughness of MC carbides, and significantly improves the mechanical properties of T15 HSS. Comparing the T15 HSS micro-alloyed with Ce to that without Ce, the average equivalent diameter and maximum size of primary carbides decreased from 4.70 μm and 120.25 μm to 2.91 μm and 105.39 μm, with decrement 38.08% and 12.35%, respectively. The amount of V in MC primary carbides decreased by 6.16 at.%, and the morphology of these carbides changed from thick branches into spots. Moreover, the plasticity factor and fracture toughness of MC primary carbides increase from 0.47 and 1.63 MPa·m^1/2 to 0.50 and 2.32 MPa·m^1/2, respectively. Thus, the hardness, bending strength and tensile strength of as-cast T15 HSS increased from 48.88 HRC, 1491.06 MPa and 1122.41 MPa to 51.72 HRC, 1621.58 MPa and 1181.83 MPa, respectively.

Key words: metallic materials T15 high speed steel rare earth element primary carbides as-cast microstructure mechanical property

Received: 18 March 2024

ZTFLH:

TG142.1

Fund: Supporting Project for the Science and Technology Service from Chinese Academy of Sciences in Fujian Province(2023T3062);Research Projects of Ganjiang Innovation Academy in Chinese Academy of Sciences(E355B0020);Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y2021060);LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203158)

Corresponding Authors: HU Xiaoqiang, Tel: (024)23971127, E-mail: xqhu@imr.ac.cn

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.126 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2024/V38/I12/932

Table 1 Chemical composition of the T15 HSSs (mass fraction, %)

Fig.1 Optical microstructure of as-cast T15A (a) and T15Ce (b) HSSs

Fig.2 X-ray diffraction patterns of as-cast structure of T15A and T15Ce HSSs

Fig.3 EBSD image (a) and EDS profiles (b, c) of primary carbides in T15A HSS

Fig.4 SEM-BSE morphology and characteristic element mapping images of primary carbides in T15A (a) and T15Ce (b) HSSs

Alloy	f_C / %	f_M_C / %	f $M 2 C$ / %	d_Me / μm	d_Ma / μm	l / μm
T15A	15.50	79.82	20.18	4.70	120.20	3.65
T15Ce	13.88	72.96	27.04	2.91	105.39	2.01

Table 2 Characteristic parameters of primary carbidess in as-cast two T15 HSSs

Table 3 EDS analysis results of the MC primary carbides in as-cast two T15 HSSs

Fig.5 SEM-BSE morphology (a) and element Ce mapping images (b) of T15Ce HSS

Fig.6 SEM-BSE morphology and elements mapping images of Ce-O-S (a) and Ce-O-P (b) in T15Ce HSS

Fig.7 Bending strength and hardness of T15A and T15Ce HSSs

Fig.8 Stress-strain curves of T15A and T15Ce HSSs

Fig.9 Morphology of tensile fracture of T15A (a, c) and T15Ce (b, d) HSSs

Phase	Lattice structure	Space group	Lattice parameter
M₂C	Hexagonal	P63/mmc	a = 2.955, c = 4.650
MC	Cubic	Fm $3 ¯$ m	a = 4.180
Ce₂O₂S	Hexagonal	P $3 ¯$ m1	a = 3.976, c = 6.882
Ce₂O₃	Hexagonal	P $3 ¯$ m1	a = 3.891, c = 6.059

Table 4 Crystallographic parameters of two primary carbides and RE-containing inclusions

	[uvw]_s	[uvw]_n	d_[uvw]s	d_[uvw]n	θ / (°)	δ / %
(1010)Ce₂O₃//(0110)M₂C	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	$0001$	3.891	4.650	0	7.82
	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 1$	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 2$	7.201	7.520	5.273
	$0001$	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	6.059	5.910	0
(1010)Ce₂O₂S//(0110)M₂C	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	$0001$	3.976	4.650	0	11.84
	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 1$	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 2$	7.947	7.520	8.178
	$0001$	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	6.882	5.910	0
(1010)Ce₂O₃//(110)MC	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	$010$	3.891	4.180	0	3.35
	$0001$	$110$	6.059	5.911	0
	$2 ¯ 110$	$111$	7.201	7.240	2.340
(0001)Ce₂O₂S//(110)MC	$1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 0$	$010$	3.976	4.180	0	10.25
	$1 ¯ 010$	$001$	6.886	5.911	0
	$2 ¯ 110$	$012$	7.952	7.240	5.266

Table 5 Calculation of minimum disregistry between rare earth inclusions and carbides

Fig.10 P-H curves (a) and hardness, elastic modulus, plasticity factor and fracture toughness (b) of MC carbides in T15A and T15Ce HSSs by nanoindentation

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