粉末床熔融<strong>B<sub>4</sub>C/AlSi10Mg</strong>复合材料的制备和性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.097

材料研究学报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (12): 909-917 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.097

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

粉末床熔融B₄C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的制备和性能

徐浩宇¹, 罗生贵², 张昊², 秦艳利¹(

), 倪丁瑞², 肖伯律², 马宗义²

^1.沈阳理工大学理学院沈阳 110158
^2.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016

Microstructure and Properties of B₄C/AlSi10Mg Composite Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

XU Haoyu¹, LUO Shenggui², ZHANG Hao², QIN Yanli¹(

), NI Dingrui², XIAO Bolv², MA Zongyi²

^1.School of Science, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110158, China
^2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

徐浩宇, 罗生贵, 张昊, 秦艳利, 倪丁瑞, 肖伯律, 马宗义. 粉末床熔融B₄C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的制备和性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2025, 39(12): 909-917.
Haoyu XU, Shenggui LUO, Hao ZHANG, Yanli QIN, Dingrui NI, Bolv XIAO, Zongyi MA. Microstructure and Properties of B₄C/AlSi10Mg Composite Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(12): 909-917.

全文: PDF(30422 KB) HTML

摘要:

用激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)技术制备质量分数为7%B₄C/AlSi10Mg复合材料并优化激光功率和扫描速度等工艺参数，研究了线能量密度对其致密度、微观组织、力学性能和热物理性能的影响。结果表明：随着线能量密度的提高这种复合材料的致密度先提高后降低，线能量密度196.4 J/m时致密度最高(达到97%)。B₄C微米颗粒中的C、B元素在高温下扩散，界面反应原位生成了Al₃BC相、AlB₂相以及微量的Al₄C₃相。成形样品的室温抗拉强度约为487 MPa，显微维氏硬度约为192HV，比刚度为31.81 m²/s²，温度为22~400 ℃时的热膨胀系数为11.9 × 10^-6/℃~21.1 × 10^-6/℃，平均热导率为107.6 W·m^-1·K^-1。这种复合材料较高的比刚度和较低的热膨胀系数使其可用于制造空间光机结构件。

关键词 ：复合材料, 激光粉末床熔融, 微观组织, 力学性能, 热物理性能

Abstract：

The 7% B₄C/AlSi10Mg (mass fraction) composite was fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. The process parameters such as laser power and scanning speed were optimized. The influence of line energy density on density, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermophysical characteristics of the acquired composite was assessed. Results indicate that with the rising line energy density, the density of the composite increases initially then decreases, reaching peak value of 97% by 196.4 J/m. High-temperature diffusion of C and B elements from micron-sized B₄C particles induced interfacial reactions, generating the in-situ formation of Al₃BC, AlB₂ phases, and trace Al₄C₃ phases. The acquired composite exhibited room-temperature tensile strength of ~487 MPa, micro-Vickers hardness of ~192HV, specific stiffness of 31.81 m²/s², and thermal expansion coefficient ranging from 11.9 × 10^-6/°C to 21.1 × 10^-6/^oC between 22-400 ^oC. The average thermal conductivity measured as 107.6 W·m^-1·K^-1. The high specific stiffness and low thermal expansion coefficient of this composite make it suitable for manufacturing space optical-mechanical structural components.

Key words： composite laser powder bed fusion microstructure mechanical properties thermophysical properties

收稿日期: 2025-03-04

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2023YFB4603301);国家自然科学基金(U21A2043)

通讯作者: 秦艳利，教授，qylndr0628@163.com，研究方向为激光增材制造

Corresponding author: QIN Yanli, Tel: 13504903919, E-mail: qylndr0628@163.com

作者简介: 徐浩宇，男，1998年生，硕士

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表 1 AlSi10Mg合金粉末的化学成分

图1 AlSi10Mg、B4C粉末以及B4C/AlSi10Mg复合粉末的形貌

表2 LPBF成形的工艺参数

图2 B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的致密度与线能量密度的关系

图3 B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的XRD谱

图4 AlSi10Mg合金和B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的SEM照片、EBSD图像和极图

图5 AlSi10Mg合金和B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的晶粒尺寸统计和晶界图像

图6 B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的SEM图像、IPFX图、相图以及EDS谱

图7 B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的TEM照片和EDS能谱

图8 Al3BC[100]和Al[110]晶带轴下的高分辨照片、衍射斑点以及高分辨照片FFT变换

表3 常用制造光机结构件材料的比刚度[19,20]

图9 LPBF成形 B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的典型拉伸曲线

图10 LPBF成形B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的断口形貌

图11 LPBF成形B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的热膨胀系数

图12 7%B4C/AlSi10Mg复合材料的热导率

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