基于三明治结构的阻燃型电磁屏蔽复合薄膜的制备与性能研究

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.445

材料研究学报 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.445

刘金玲,张艳,戚栋明,虞一浩

浙江理工大学

Preparation and Performance Study of Flame-Retardant Electromagnetic Shielding Composite Films Based on a Sandwich Structure

引用本文:

刘金玲张艳戚栋明虞一浩. 基于三明治结构的阻燃型电磁屏蔽复合薄膜的制备与性能研究[J]. 材料研究学报, 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.445.

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摘要: 随着通信技术和便携式柔性电子产品的快速发展，电磁辐射和热积累问题日益严重，对周围电子设备和人体健康构成显著威胁。因此，开发具有高电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽性能和优异防火安全性的柔性多功能复合薄膜显得尤为紧迫。本研究成功制备了一种基于聚乙烯醇-聚磷酸铵（PVA-APP）作为柔性阻燃外层，银纳米线（AgNWs）导电网络结构作为内层，最终由聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）封装处理的多功能可调控三明治结构复合薄膜。该复合薄膜在电磁屏蔽、阻燃以及疏水性等方面表现出卓越的性能。三明治结构的设计显著增强了内部AgNWs层的屏蔽稳定性，当AgNWs的负载量仅为0.50 mg/cm2，其EMI屏蔽效能可达到53.12 dB。此外，该复合薄膜在UL-94测试中表现出自熄性能，阻燃等级达到V-0。此外，PDMS作为封装层，不仅赋予复合薄膜优异的疏水性和自清洁性能，还可确保其在弯折、潮湿环境下具备稳定的电磁屏蔽效果。综上所述，该薄膜具有制备工艺简便、综合性能优异的特点，在曲面组件及柔性可折叠电子设备等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。

关键词 ：复合材料, 三明治结构, 电磁屏蔽, 阻燃性, 疏水性

Abstract：With the rapid development of communication technologies and portable flexible electronic devices, the problems of electromagnetic radiation and heat accumulation have been increasingly aggravated, posing significant threats to surrounding electronic equipment and human health. Therefore, the development of flexible multifunctional composite films with high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance and excellent fire safety has been considered an urgent necessity. In this study, a multifunctional tunable sandwich-structured composite film was successfully prepared, comprising polyvinyl alcohol–ammonium polyphosphate (PVA-APP) as a flexible flame-retardant outer layer, a silver nanowire (AgNWs) conductive network as the inner layer, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the encapsulation layer. The composite film was found to exhibit outstanding performance in electromagnetic shielding, flame retardancy, and hydrophobicity. The sandwich structure was designed to significantly enhance the shielding stability of the internal AgNWs layer. When the AgNWs loading was only 0.50 mg/cm2, an EMI shielding effectiveness of 53.12 dB was achieved. Furthermore, the composite film was shown to exhibit self-extinguishing behavior in the UL-94 test, achieving a V-0 flame-retardancy rating. Additionally, PDMS, as the encapsulation layer, was found to not only impart excellent hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties to the composite film but also ensure stable EMI shielding performance under bending and humid conditions. In conclusion, the film is characterized by its simple fabrication process and excellent comprehensive performance, making it highly promising for applications in curved components and flexible foldable electronic devices.

Key words： sandwich structure, electromagnetic shielding, flame retardancy, hydrophobicity

收稿日期: 2024-11-01

基金资助:22202206-A高温/燃烧环境下织物涂层原位可控炭化维系电磁屏蔽性能及机制研究;22202123-D基于可控炭化自修复的高温/火焰耐候型电磁屏蔽涂层织物的作用机制研究;20202291-Y 高效阻燃与电磁屏蔽生物质织物涂层材料的设计与研究;2020YBZX24高效阻燃与电磁屏蔽生物质织物涂层材料的设计与研究

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