MWNTs/CMSs/PET阻燃材料的结构及阻燃机理*

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2016.150

材料研究学报

2016, Vol. 30

Issue (8): 581-588 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2016.150

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

MWNTs/CMSs/PET阻燃材料的结构及阻燃机理*

薛宝霞², 牛梅^1,², 李京京², 杨雅茹², 戴晋明^1,²

1. 太原理工大学新材料界面科学与工程教育部重点实验室太原030024
2. 太原理工大学轻纺工程学院榆次030600

Structure and Flame Retardant Property of Composite Materials MWNTs/CMSs/PET

XUE Baoxia², NIU Mei^1,^2,^**, LI Jingjing², YANG Yaru², DAI Jinming^1,²

1. Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials , Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China
2. College of Textile Engineering , Taiyuan University of Technology, Yuci 030600, China

引用本文:

薛宝霞, 牛梅, 李京京, 杨雅茹, 戴晋明. MWNTs/CMSs/PET阻燃材料的结构及阻燃机理*[J]. 材料研究学报, 2016, 30(8): 581-588.
Baoxia XUE, Mei NIU, Jingjing LI, Yaru YANG, Jinming DAI. Structure and Flame Retardant Property of Composite Materials MWNTs/CMSs/PET[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2016, 30(8): 581-588.

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摘要:

采用熔融共混法与阻燃剂复配法制备了MWNTs/CMSs/PET复合材料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、极限氧指数法(LOI)、UL94垂直燃烧法、锥形量热仪(Cone)及热重红外联用分析仪(TG-IR)表征了样品的结构、阻燃性能及热降解行为, 分析了MWNTs/CMSs阻燃PET材料的阻燃机理。结果表明, 当MWNTs/CMSs添加量为1%(质量分数), MWNTs与CMSs质量比为1: 1/2时, 二者可有机地结合为一个整体, 有利于MWNTs/CMSs在PET基材中发挥协同阻燃作用。与纯PET及CMSs/PET相比, MWNTs/CMSs/PET能有效降低火灾危险性。MWNTs/CMSs阻燃PET主要是通过MWNT与CMSs两者的协同作用延缓PET热裂解行为, 一方面MWNTs在其燃烧时可在PET表面形成致密的网络状炭层结构, 减少了熔滴的产生; 另一方面CMSs其燃烧时在PET表面形成湍流炭, 以此阻止氧气和热量进入PET内部, 同时释放出不燃气体CO₂以降低周围环境中可燃气体的浓度, 阻止燃烧的继续进行, 最终实现了MWNTs/CMSs/PET材料的良好阻燃。

关键词 ：复合材料, 阻燃机理, PET, 多壁碳纳米管, 碳微球

Abstract：

Composites of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), carbon microspheres (CMSs) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were prepared by melt blending method.The structures, flame retardancy and pyrolysis behavior of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM)and infrared spectroscopy (IR), as well as limiting oxygen index (LOI)method, vertical burning method (UL-94), cone calorimeter and thermal gravimetric analysis (TG).The results showed that the addition of 1% (mass fraction) of (1MWNTs + 0.5CMSs) into PET resulted in a good comprehensive flame retardancyof the composite. Moreover, in comparison with the pure PET and CMSs/PET, the composites MWNTs/CMSs/PET could reduce effectively the fire risk. The pyrolysis process of PET could be suppressed by the synergistic effect of MWNTs and CMSs due to the following that during burning, on one hand, MWNTs might give rise to form a three-dimensional network of compact carbon layeron the PET surface to decrease the melt drips; on the other hand, CMSs might produce a turbulent carbon layer on the surface of PET, preventing the oxygen and heat from entering the interior of PET and thus releasing the non-flammable CO₂ to reduce the concentration of combustible gas in the surrounding environment.

Key words： composite flame retardant mechanism polyethylene terephthalate multi-walled carbon nanotubes carbon microspheres

收稿日期: 2016-03-19

基金资助:* 国家自然科学(青年)资金51302183, 国家自然科学基金51443005, 山西省自然科学(青年)基金2012021021-6, 山西省自然科学基金2014011016-5资助

作者简介: 本文联系人: 牛梅

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2016.150 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2016/V30/I8/581

表1 MWNTs/CMSs /PET复合材料的极限氧指数及垂直燃烧参数

图1 不同配比MWNTs/CMSs/PET复合材料的SEM图

表2 不同PET复合材料的锥形量热测试数据

图2 锥形量热测试后的残炭结构

图3 PET在氧气气氛下的TG-DTG图谱(a)及不同失重阶段降解产物的IR图(b) (IR图中的A:第一失重阶段; B:第二失重阶段)

图4 MWNTs/CMSs/PET在氧气气氛下的TG-DTG图谱(a)及不同失重阶段降解产物的IR图(b) (IR图中的A: 第一失重阶段; B: 第二失重阶段)

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