热处理工艺对中碳低合金钢力学性能的影响<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2014.752

材料研究学报

2015, Vol. 29

Issue (6): 422-428 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.752

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

热处理工艺对中碳低合金钢力学性能的影响^*

潘伟,李祖来(

),山泉,蒋业华,冯志扬,周荣

昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院昆明650093

Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties of a Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steel

Wei PAN,Zulai LI(

),Quan SHAN,Yehua JIANG,Zhiyang FENG,Rong ZHOU

School of Materials Science and Engnineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093, China

引用本文:

潘伟,李祖来,山泉,蒋业华,冯志扬,周荣. 热处理工艺对中碳低合金钢力学性能的影响^*[J]. 材料研究学报, 2015, 29(6): 422-428.
Wei PAN, Zulai LI, Quan SHAN, Yehua JIANG, Zhiyang FENG, Rong ZHOU. Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties of a Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2015, 29(6): 422-428.

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摘要:

用水冷+盐浴等温淬火、空冷+盐浴等温淬火和直接盐浴等温淬火等方式对中碳低合金钢进行热处理, 借助彩色金相技术和XRD分析方法研究了热处理方式对合金钢组织、力学性能的影响, 并探索了性能与组织的关联性。结果表明, 对中碳低合金钢进行空冷+盐浴等温淬火和水冷+盐浴等温淬火热处理, 可得到不同下贝氏体含量的贝氏体/马氏体复相组织, 材料的性能比铸态有大幅度地提高, 冲击韧性提高92%-183%、硬度提高31%-55%。对材料进行空冷+盐浴等温淬火热处理, 随着空冷时间的增加复相组织中下贝氏体含量逐渐降低、马氏体含量逐渐升高, 而硬度和冲击韧性分别呈增加和降低趋势。中碳低合金钢的性能与各组织的含量密切相关, 当下贝氏体含量为30%-40%、马氏体含量50%-60%时, 贝氏体/马氏体复相组织强韧性匹配较好, 材料具有较高的综合性能。

关键词 ：金属材料, 贝氏体/马氏体复相组织, 等温淬火, 彩色金相, 韧性断裂

Abstract：

Effect of heat treatment processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a medium carbon low alloy steel was studied by means of color metallography, XRD and mechanical tests. The adopted heat treatment processes included air quenching and then austempering in salt bath, water-cooling and then austempering in salt bath, as well as directly austempering in salt bath. The results show that after treatments according to the above three processes the steel may exhibited microstructure composed of different amount of bainite and martensite, and better mechanical properties in comparison with the cast ones, i.e. its impact toughness and hardness were increased by 92%-183% and 31%-55% respectively. For the case of air cooling and then austempering in salt bath, the amount of bainite decreased gradually with the increase of air cooling time while the amount of martensite progressively increased, correspondingly its hardness and impact toughness showed a tendency of increase and decrease respectively. The mechanical performance of the medium carbon low alloy steel is closely related to the ratio of bainite to martinsite in the microstructure. It is noted that the steel with a duplex microstructure of 50%-60% bainite and 30%-40% martensite exhibited an optimal comprehensive mechanical performance.

Key words： metallic materials bainite / martensite mixed microstructure austempering color metallography ductile fracture

收稿日期: 2014-12-17

基金资助:^*云南省科学技术厅项目619320130010。

作者简介: 李祖来, 教授

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表1 中碳钢低合金钢的化学成分

图1 不同热处理工艺试样的XRD图谱

图2 用4%硝酸酒精腐蚀的不同状态中碳低合金钢试样的显微组织

图3 经过不同热处理后试样的彩色金相组织

表2 不同热处理工艺后试样的各组织的含量

图4 空冷+盐浴等温淬火热处理的空冷时间对贝氏体等组织含量的影响曲线

表3 热处理前后试样的硬度和冲击韧性

图5 空冷+盐浴等温淬火热处理的空冷时间对力学性能的影响

图6 不同状态下冲击试样的断口形貌

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