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材料研究学报  2017, Vol. 31 Issue (2): 152-160    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2016.384
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闪光留量对510 MPa级车轮钢闪光对焊接头组织与性能的影响
张洪博1,谭峰亮2,3,陈志国1,2()
1 中南大学材料科学与工程学院 长沙 410083
2 湖南人文科技学院能源与机电工程系 娄底 417000
3 湖南华菱涟源钢铁有限公司博士后科研工作站 娄底 417000
Effect of Flash Allowance on Microstructure and Properties of Flash Butt Welded Joint for 510 MPa Wheel Steel
Hongbo ZHANG1,Fengliang TAN2,3,Zhiguo CHEN1,2()
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2 Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
3 Postdoctoral workstation of VALIN LY Steel Co.Ltd, Loudi 417000, China
引用本文:

张洪博,谭峰亮,陈志国. 闪光留量对510 MPa级车轮钢闪光对焊接头组织与性能的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2017, 31(2): 152-160.
Hongbo ZHANG, Fengliang TAN, Zhiguo CHEN. Effect of Flash Allowance on Microstructure and Properties of Flash Butt Welded Joint for 510 MPa Wheel Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2017, 31(2): 152-160.

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摘要: 

对不同闪光留量条件下510CL车轮钢闪光对焊接头组织和性能进行研究。结果表明：焊接热影响区含界面区、粗晶区、重结晶区、部分重结晶区四个部分,其中界面区维氏硬度最高,峰值硬度范围为201~219HV。闪光留量较小时,界面区主要为块状铁素体与粒状贝氏体;闪光留量适中时,界面区出现力学性能优异的针状铁素体组织;闪光留量过大会使接头处产生的热量过大,此时界面区主要为力学性能较差的魏氏体与粒状贝氏体组织,并出现错边现象。闪光对焊错边与魏氏体组织过多是焊接接头断裂的主要原因,为了获得性能良好的闪光对焊接头,闪光留量的合理设计范围为3.5~5.5 mm。
关键词 ： 金属材料,  闪光留量,  闪光对焊,  显微组织,  力学性能    
Abstract：

The effect of different flash allowances on the microstructure and mechanical properties of flash butt welded joint for 510CL wheel steel was investigated. The results indicate that the heat affected zone consists of interfacial zone, coarse grain zone, annealed zone and incomplete annealed zone. The Vickers hardness of interface area is the highest, and the peak hardness range is 201 ~ 219 HV. When flash allowance is lower, interface area mainly consists of blocky ferrite and granular bainite. When flash allowance is moderate, the interface area consists of acicular ferrite with excellent mechanical performance. Excessive flash allowance generates too much heat, and the interface area will mainly consist of widmanstatten structure and granular bainite with poor mechanical properties. The welded joint fracture may be ascribed to the existence of too much widmentstatten structure with high density of mismatch. In order to obtain flash butt joint with good performance, the reasonable range design of flash allowance is 3.5 ~ 5.5 mm.
Key words： metallic materials    flash allowance    flash butt welding    microstructure    mechanical properties
收稿日期: 2016-07-06     
基金资助:湖南省自然科学基金(2016JJ6045)
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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2016.384      或      https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2017/V31/I2/152

C Si Mn P S Al Al_s Ni Cr Cu Ti Nb N
≤0.08 ≤0.2 ≤2.5 ≤0.02 ≤0.005 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.02 ≤0.02 ≤0.04 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 ≤0.004
表1  板材的化学成分 (质量分数,%)
Sample
No.		 Flash allowance
(mm)		 Flash speed
(mm/s)		 Upset speed
(mm/s)		 Upset allowance (mm)
1# 2.5 5 70 5.5
2# 3.5 5 70 5.5
3# 4.5 5 70 5.5
4# 5.5 5 70 5.5
5# 6.5 5 70 5.5
表2  焊接工艺参数
图1  闪光对焊焊接原理图[10]
图2  510CL钢板显微组织
图3  1#接头热影响区显微组织
图4  不同闪光留量条件下焊接界面区及粗晶区的显微组织
图5  不同闪光留量条件下焊接接头形貌
图6  闪光留量对焊接头热影响区宽度的影响曲线
Sample No. Tensile test Cold bend inspection
(D=5a,180°)		 Impact test
(room temperature)
fracture position positive bend back bend Impact AKv / J
1# base metal qualified qualified 36.58
2# base metal qualified qualified 38.25
3# base metal qualified qualified 40.50
4# base metal qualified qualified 38.57
5# weld line unqualified unqualified 13.67
表3  焊接接头力学性能
图7  焊缝处两侧的显微硬度分布图
图8  5#试样焊缝处的显微组织及断口形貌
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