不同热解碳界面层厚度<strong>C/ZrC-SiC</strong>复合材料烧蚀性能及其机理

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2021.148

材料研究学报

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (7): 489-499 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2021.148

研究论文

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不同热解碳界面层厚度C/ZrC-SiC复合材料烧蚀性能及其机理

杨晓辉¹^,²(

), 李克智¹, 白龙腾², 郭亚威²

^1.西北工业大学材料学院西安 710072
^2.西安航天动力研究所西安 710010

Ablation Properties and Mechanisms of C/ZrC-SiC Composites with Pyrolytic Carbon Interlayer of Different Thickness

YANG Xiaohui¹^,²(

), LI Kezhi¹, BAI Longteng², GUO Yawei²

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
^2.Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Xi'an 710010, China

引用本文:

杨晓辉, 李克智, 白龙腾, 郭亚威. 不同热解碳界面层厚度C/ZrC-SiC复合材料烧蚀性能及其机理[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(7): 489-499.
Xiaohui YANG, Kezhi LI, Longteng BAI, Yawei GUO. Ablation Properties and Mechanisms of C/ZrC-SiC Composites with Pyrolytic Carbon Interlayer of Different Thickness[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2022, 36(7): 489-499.

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摘要:

通过控制沉积时间制备S5-C/ZrC-SiC、S15-C/ZrC-SiC、S30-C/ZrC-SiC和S50-C/ZrC-SiC等不同热解碳界面层厚度的复合材料,研究了不同热解碳界面层厚度C/ZrC-SiC复合材料的密度与微观组织、烧蚀性能的变化规律及其机理。结果表明：随着热解碳界面层厚度的增大,C/ZrC-SiC复合材料SiC基体含量、密度和气孔率不断降低,但是裂解ZrC基体的含量表现出先降低而后增大的变化规律。S30-C/ZrC-SiC复合材料20 s短时间氧乙炔烧蚀性能最优,其质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别-0.84 mg/s和3.00 μm/s；但是S15-C/ZrC-SiC复合材料长时间循环60 s烧蚀性能最优,其质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率分别为1.22 mg/s和3.80 μm/s。其原因是,C/ZrC-SiC复合材料20 s氧乙炔烧蚀作用机理主要为机械冲刷,而C/ZrC-SiC复合材料的第二次60 s氧乙炔烧蚀发生了由机械冲刷向热物理和热化学烧蚀机理的转变。

关键词 ：复合材料, 热解碳界面层, 烧蚀性能, 烧蚀机理

Abstract：

Composites of C/ZrC-SiC with pyrolytic carbon (PyC) interlayers of different thickness, namely, S5-C/ZrC-SiC, S15-C/ZrC-SiC, S30-C/ZrC-SiC, and S50-C/ZrC-SiC were prepared by adjusting the deposition time. The variation of density, microstructure and ablation properties of C/ZrC-SiC composites with interlayer PyC of different thickness was systematically studied. The results show that with the increasing thickness of interlayer PyC, the density and porosity of C/ZrC-SiC composites decrease, but the content of the pioneer impregnation pyrolysis ZrC matrix decreases first and then increases. As for 20 s short time oxyacetylene ablation, S30-C/ZrC-SiC composites presents the best ablation performance, and its mass ablation rates and linear ablation rates are -0.84 mg/s and 3.00 μm/s, respectively; while for 60 s long time cycle ablation test, S15-C/ZrC-SiC composites has the best ablation performance, and its mass ablation rates and linear ablation rates are 1.22 mg/s and 3.80 μm/s, respectively. The mechanism for the 20 s oxyacetylene ablation of C/ZrC-SiC composites may be ascribed to mechanical erosion, while for the second 60 s oxyacetylene ablation of C/ZrC-SiC composites, the ablation mechanism may be described as that the ablation process changes from mechanical erosion to thermo-physical and thermo-chemical ablation.

Key words： composite pyrolytic carbon interface ablation behaviors ablation mechanisms

收稿日期: 2021-02-24

ZTFLH:

TB322

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(U51521061);国家自然科学基金(51772247)

作者简介: 杨晓辉,男,1986年生,博士

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表1 PyC界面层沉积前后的增重率

图1 沉积时间不同的PyC界面层的SEM照片

表2 不同C/ZrC-SiC复合材料的PyC、SiC和ZrC含量、密度和气孔率

图2 PyC界面层厚度不同的C/ZrC-SiC复合材料截面的SEM照片

图3 PyC界面层厚度不同的C/ZrC-SiC复合材料的20 s烧蚀性能

图4 PyC界面层厚度不同C/ZrC-SiC复合材料的20 s烧蚀试样的宏观照片

图5 PyC界面层厚度不同的C/ZrC-SiC复合材料试样20 s烧蚀后的XRD谱

图6 PyC界面层厚度不同的C/ZrC-SiC复合材料烧蚀中心区裸露纤维的SEM微观形貌

图7 S50-C/ZrC-SiC复合材料20 s烧蚀试样的SEM微观形貌和EDS分析

图8 界面层厚度不同的C/ZrC-SiC复合材料第二次60 s烧蚀的宏观照片

表3 PyC界面层厚度不同的C/ZrC-SiC复合材料的60和20 s烧蚀性能

图9 PyC界面层厚度不同的C/ZrC-SiC复合材料的导热系数

表4 PyC界面层厚度不同的C/ZrC-SiC复合材料的耐机械冲刷和耐氧化烧蚀能力

图10 PyC界面层厚度不同的C/ZrC-SiC复合材料和ZrO2的线热膨胀率

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