304不锈钢空化水射流表面空蚀损伤研究

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2015.730

材料研究学报

2016, Vol. 30

Issue (6): 473-480 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2015.730

研究论文

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304不锈钢空化水射流表面空蚀损伤研究

吴从前, 任瑞铭, 刘鹏涛, 陈春焕, 赵秀娟(

)

大连交通大学材料科学与工程学院大连 116028

Cavitation Erosion of 304 Stainless Steel induced by Caviting Water Jet

WU Congqian, REN Ruiming, LIU Pengtao, CHEN Chunhuan, ZHAO Xiujuan^*(

)

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China

引用本文:

吴从前, 任瑞铭, 刘鹏涛, 陈春焕, 赵秀娟. 304不锈钢空化水射流表面空蚀损伤研究[J]. 材料研究学报, 2016, 30(6): 473-480.
Congqian WU, Ruiming REN, Pengtao LIU, Chunhuan CHEN, Xiujuan ZHAO. Cavitation Erosion of 304 Stainless Steel induced by Caviting Water Jet[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2016, 30(6): 473-480.

全文: PDF(1549 KB) HTML

摘要:

采用淹没式空化水射流方法对304不锈钢表面进行不同压力和时间的空化水射流处理, 用扫描电子显微镜原位跟踪观察处理后的试样表面形貌, 研究其空蚀损伤过程及空蚀机理, 并对表层组织和304不锈钢变形机理进行了探讨。结果得出, 根据损伤程度和作用机理的不同, 空蚀损伤区从中心到外围可以分为射流冲击区、过渡区和紊流区三个区, 其中射流冲击区损伤最严重, 紊流区次之, 过渡区最弱。当射流压力为35 MPa、处理40 min时, 射流冲击区损伤速度加快, 并且呈现明显的疲劳损伤特征, 滑移带和晶界处疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展是导致该区损伤剥落的重要原因; 在横截面金相组织中, 过渡区和紊流区出现比射流冲击区更深的形变孪晶层, 且紊流区形变孪晶层厚度达140 μm; 在本实验条件下304不锈钢变形方式为滑移为主, 孪生为辅。试样在空化水射流的作用下有两种空蚀破坏机理, 即交变载荷下疲劳破坏, 以及塑性变形、颈缩和剥落导致的弧坑。

关键词 ：金属材料, 空化水射流, 空蚀损伤, 滑移带, 形变孪晶, 304不锈钢

Abstract：

Cavitation erosion of 304 stainless steel was studied by means of caviting water jet (CWJ) with varying stress and time. By tracking the surface morphology change with scanning electron microscope after the CWJ treatment, the process and mechanism of cavitation erosion were analyzed and the microstructure evolution of the surface and the relevant deformation mechanism were investigated as well. The results are as follows: according to the difference in damage rate and mechanism, the cavitation damage zone can be divided into jet impact zone, transition zone and turbulent zone from the center to the periphery, among them, the damage degree of jet impact zone was the worst, transition zone was the weakest. The damage of jet impact zone was accelerated by the jet pressure 35 MPa for 40 min, and it presented clear characteristics of fatigue damage, the initiation and propagation of fatigue crack in the area of slip band and grain boundary is one of the important reasons leading to the spalling damage; The twin layer of the transition zone and turbulent zone were thicker than that of the jet impact zone in the cross-sectional microstructure, and the thickness of the twin layer in turbulent zone was 140 μm; Under the conditions of this experiment, the main deformation mode of 304 stainless steel is slip deformation, the second is twin deformation. There are two kinds of mechanism of cavitation erosion induced by the cavitating water jet, one is fatigue failure under cyclic loading, the other is arc-shaped pit caused by plastic deformation, necking and spalling.

Key words： metallic materials cavitating water jet cavitation erosion slip band twin 304 stainless steel

收稿日期: 2015-12-15

ZTFLH:

TG141

作者简介: 本文联系人: 赵秀娟, 教授

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2015.730 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2016/V30/I6/473

图1 35 MPa压力射流处理60 min试样宏观损伤形貌

图2 淹没式空化水射流示意图

图3 35 MPa射流冲击区表面不同时间形貌观察

图4 35 MPa水射流处理10 min射流冲击区滑移带的形貌

图5 35 MPa水射流处理不同时间紊流区形貌

图6 不同压力下处理60 min射流冲击区形貌

图7 35 MPa压力下试样射流冲击区表面显微硬度和面粗糙度

图8 35 MPa水射流处理50 min横截面组织形貌

图9 空蚀过程中不同的损伤形式

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