Effect of Deposition Time on Structure and Performance of Diamond-like Carbon Films on PEEK

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2021.315

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2022, Vol. 36

Issue (11): 801-810 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2021.315

ARTICLES

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Effect of Deposition Time on Structure and Performance of Diamond-like Carbon Films on PEEK

CUI Li¹, SUN Lili¹, GUO Peng¹, MA Xin¹^,³, WANG Shuyuan¹^,², WANG Aiying¹^,²(

)

^1.Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
^2.Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3.State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710049, China

Cite this article:

CUI Li, SUN Lili, GUO Peng, MA Xin, WANG Shuyuan, WANG Aiying. Effect of Deposition Time on Structure and Performance of Diamond-like Carbon Films on PEEK. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2022, 36(11): 801-810.

Download:

HTML

PDF(7163KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films with different thickness (11.26~230.93 nm) were prepared on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) via direct current magnetron sputtering in the time ranging from 2 to 40 min. The effect of deposition time on the structure and composition of surface and interface, as well as the surface hydrophobic, the mechanical and optical transmittance properties of composite films PEEK/DLC were systematically studied. Results show that with the increase of deposition time the film thickness will be enhanced linearly with an average deposition rate of 5.71 nm/min. The density of C atoms and the interface interlocking structure gradually increase, while the interface adhesion decreases with time. By fitting peaks of Raman and XPS spectra, it is found that when the time ≤15 min, the I_D/I_Gvalue by data fitting remains at 0.23~0.25 and the ratio of sp²/sp³ is low (0.58~0.74) due to the influence of substrate. When the time >15 min, as the substrate effect becomes weak the I_D/I_G value has a great increase (to 0.81), and the sp²/sp³ value turns to be high (0.96~1.12). Prolonging the time will lead to the rise of substrate temperature inducing the ascending of sp²/sp³ ratio. While O content at the surface presents a low-flat trend and part of C=O bonds transformed into C-O bonds. The hardness, elastic modulus, the anti-ultraviolet and infrared barrier properties of PEEK/DLC composite films will rise over time, while the surface roughness and hydrophobicity both have a trend from high to low, reaching a maximum surface roughness and water contact angle of 495 nm and 108.29° at 32 min, respectively.

Key words: surface and interface in the materials polyether ether ketone diamond-like carbon films surface modification deposition time interface adhesion

Received: 19 May 2021

ZTFLH:

O484

Fund: K C Wong Education Foundation Lujiaxi International Team Project(GJTD-2019-13);Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ20E020004);Science and Technology 2025 Innovation Project of Ningbo(2020Z023);Science and Technology 2025 Innovation Project of Ningbo(2018B10012)

About author: WANG Aiying, Tel: (0574)86685170, E-mail: aywang@nimte.ac.cn

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	Li CUI
	Lili SUN
	Peng GUO
	Xin MA
	Shuyuan WANG
	Aiying WANG

URL:

https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2021.315 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2022/V36/I11/801

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the deposition system for DLC films

Fig.2 Surface SEM images of PEEK/DLC composite films with different time (a, b) 2 min, (c, d) 8 min, (e, f) 15 min, (g, h) 20 min, (i, j) 32 min, (k, l) 40 min

Fig.3 Cross-section HRTEM images of PEEK/DLC composite films with different time (a) 2 min, (b) 8 min, (c) 15 min, (d) 20 min, (e) 32 min, (f) 40 min, (g) enlarged image of DLC films, (h, i) interface structures of 32 and 40 min

Fig.4 Curves of the thickness and the average deposition rate of DLC films on PEEK over time

Fig.5 SEM images of PEEK/DLC composite films with different time (a, b) 2 min, (c, d) 8 min, (e, f) 15 min, (g, h) 20 min, (i, j) 32 min, (k, l) 40 min

Fig.6 Raman spectra (a), I_D/I_G ratio of PEEK/DLC composite films, chamber temperature with different time and the molecular structure of PEEK (b)

Fig.7 O 1s (a) and C 1s spectra (b), the content of C element, O element, C-O bond and C=O bond, and the ratio of C/O (c), the content of sp² and sp³, the ratio of sp²/sp³ (d) for the surface of PEEK/DLC composite films with different time analyzed

Fig.8 Curves of the surface roughness (R_a) and water contact angles for PEEK/DLC composite films over time

Fig.9 Surface three dimensional height images of PEEK/DLC at different time (a) virgin PEEK, (b) 2 min, (c) 8 min, (d) 15 min, (e) 20 min, (f) 32 min, (g) 40 min

Fig.10 Curves of the hardness and elastic modulus for PEEK/DLC composite films over time

Fig.11 Transmission curves of PEEK / DLC composition films prepared at different time (a) and enlarged image of part A (b)

1	Zheng Y Y, Xiong C D, Wang Z C, et al. A combination of CO₂ laser and plasma surface modification of poly(etheretherketone) to enhance osteoblast response [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 344: 79 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.03.113
2	Tsuka H, Morita K, Kato K, et al. Effect of laser groove treatment on shear bond strength of resin-based luting agent to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) [J]. J. Prosthodont. Res., 2019, 63: 52 doi: S1883-1958(18)30213-5 pmid: 30220621
3	Li X W, Zhang D, Lee K R, et al. Effect of metal doping on structural characteristics of amorphous carbon system: a first-principles study [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2016, 607: 67 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2016.04.004
4	Wang A Y, Lee K R, Ahn J P, et al. Structure and mechanical properties of W incorporated diamond-like carbon films prepared by a hybrid ion beam deposition technique [J]. Carbon, 2006, 44: 1826 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.045
5	Takikawa H, Miyakawa N, Minamisawa S, et al. Fabrication of diamond-like carbon film on rubber by T-shape filtered-arc-deposition under the influence of various ambient gases [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2004, 457: 143 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.12.029
6	Ma X, Zhang Q, Guo P, et al. Residual compressive stress enabled 2D-to-3D junction transformation in amorphous carbon films for stretchable strain sensors [J]. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12: 45549 doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c12073
7	Smietana M, Bock W J, Szmidt J. Evolution of optical properties with deposition time of silicon nitride and diamond-like carbon films deposited by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2011, 519: 6339 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.04.032
8	Shirakura A, Nakaya M, Koga Y, et al. Diamond-like carbon films for PET bottles and medical applications [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 494: 84 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.366
9	Martinez-Martinez D, De Hosson J T M. On the deposition and properties of DLC protective coatings on elastomers: a critical review [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, 258: 677 doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.08.016
10	Qiang L, Bai C N, Gong Z B, et al. Microstructure, adhesion and tribological behaviors of Si interlayer/Si doping diamond-like carbon film developed on nitrile butadiene rubber [J]. Diamond Relat. Mater., 2019, 92: 208 doi: 10.1016/j.diamond.2019.01.005
11	Xu W, Lin S S, Dai M J, et al. Effects of bias voltage on the microstructure and properties of Al-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon films synthesized by a hybrid deposition technique [J]. Vacuum, 2018, 154: 159 doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.05.008
12	Ferrari A C, Robertson J. Resonant Raman spectroscopy of disordered, amorphous, and diamondlike carbon [J]. Phys. Rev., 2001, 64B: 075414
13	Park S J, Ko T J, Yoon J, et al. Highly adhesive and high fatigue-resistant copper/PET flexible electronic substrates [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2018, 427: 1
14	Martinez-Martinez D, Schenkel M, Pei Y T, et al. Microstructural and frictional control of diamond-like carbon films deposited on acrylic rubber by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2011, 519: 2213 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.006
15	Hatada R, Flege S, Ensinger W, et al. Deposition of diamond-like carbon films on insulating substrates by plasma source ion implantation [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2020, 385: 125426 doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125426
16	Zhang X Q, Huang M D, Ke P L, et al. Impact of bias on the graphite-like carbon films grown by high power impulse magnetron sputtering [J]. Chin. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 2013, 33: 969
	张学谦, 黄美东, 柯培玲等. 基体偏压对高功率脉冲磁控溅射制备类石墨碳膜的影响研究 [J]. 真空科学与技术学报, 2013, 33: 969
17	Schenkel M, Martinez-Martinez D, Pei Y T, et al. Tribological performance of DLC films deposited on ACM rubber by PACVD [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, 205: 4838 doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.04.072
18	Konkhunthot N, Photongkam P, Wongpanya P. Improvement of thermal stability, adhesion strength and corrosion performance of diamond-like carbon films with titanium doping [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2019, 469: 471 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.11.028
19	Ferrari A C, Robertson J. Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon [J]. Phys. Rev., 2000, 61B: 14095
20	Zhang S, Zeng X T, Xie H, et al. A phenomenological approach for the I_d/I_g ratio and sp³ fraction of magnetron sputtered a-C films [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2000, 123: 256 doi: 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00523-X
21	Zeng Y L, Jiang L, Cai X Y, et al. Identification of the characteristic vibrations for 16 PAHs based on Raman spectrum [J]. Spectrosc. Spect. Anal., 2014, 34: 2999
	曾娅玲, 姜龙, 蔡啸宇等. 拉曼光谱的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)特征振动光谱辨识 [J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2014, 34: 2999
22	Kim S, Lee K J, Seo Y. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface functionalization by low-energy ion-beam irradiation under a reactive O₂ environment and its effect on the PEEK/Copper adhesives [J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20: 157 doi: 10.1021/la035396h
23	Roy M, Kubacki J, Psiuk B, et al. Photofunctionalization effect and biological ageing of PEEK, TiO₂ and ZrO₂ abutments material [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2021, 121C: 111823
24	Robertson J. Diamond-like amorphous carbon [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2002, 37R: 129
25	Liu F X, Yao K L, Liu Z L. Substrate tilting effect on structure of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films by Raman spectroscopy [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2007, 201: 7235 doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.01.030
26	Soin N, Roy S S, Ray S C, et al. Thickness dependent electronic structure of ultra-thin tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) films [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2012, 520: 2909 doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.12.039
27	Sattel S, Robertson J, Ehrhardt H. Effects of deposition temperature on the properties of hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1997, 82: 4566 doi: 10.1063/1.366193
28	Huang J X, Wan S H, Liu B, et al. Improved adaptability of PEEK by Nb doped graphite-like carbon composite coatings for bio-tribological applications [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, 247: 20 doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.03.016
29	Du J Y, Zhang G F, Li G Q, et al. Diamond-like-carbon film prepared on stainless steel substrates by liquid phase electrochemical deposition [J]. Electrochemistry, 2007, 13: 58
	杜景永, 张贵锋, 李国卿等. 不锈钢上液相电沉积类金刚石薄膜 [J]. 电化学, 2007, 13: 58
30	Ko T J, Her E K, Shin B, et al. Water condensation behavior on the surface of a network of superhydrophobic carbon fibers with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures [J]. Carbon, 2012, 50: 5085 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.048
31	Shin B, Lee K R, Moon M W, et al. Extreme water repellency of nanostructured low-surface-energy non-woven fabrics [J]. Soft Matter, 2012, 8: 1817 doi: 10.1039/C1SM06867A
32	Ko T J, Her E K, Shin B, et al. Water condensation behavior on the surface of a network of superhydrophobic carbon fibers with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures [J]. Carbon, 2012, 50: 5085 doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.06.048
33	Asl A M, Kameli P, Ranjbar M, et al. Correlations between microstructure and hydrophobicity properties of pulsed laser deposited diamond-like carbon films [J]. Superlattices Microst., 2015, 81: 64 doi: 10.1016/j.spmi.2014.11.041
34	Cassie A B D, Baxter S. Wettability of porous surfaces [J]. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1944, 40: 546
35	Cha T G, Yi J W, Moon M W, et al. Nanoscale patterning of microtextured surfaces to control superhydrophobic robustness [J]. Langmuir, 2010, 26: 8319 doi: 10.1021/la9047402
36	Yang S, Zhang Y W, Zeng K Y. Analysis of nanoindentation creep for polymeric materials [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2004, 95: 3655 doi: 10.1063/1.1651341
37	Liu C K, Lee S, Sung L P, et al. Load-displacement relations for nanoindentation of viscoelastic materials [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2006, 100: 033503
38	Briscoe B J, Fiori L, Pelillo E. Nano-indentation of polymeric surfaces [J]. J. Phys., 1998, 31D: 2395
39	Xu Z Y, Zheng Y J, Jiang F, et al. The microstructure and mechanical properties of multilayer diamond-like carbon films with different modulation ratios [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2013, 264: 207 doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.10.003

[1]	LU Yimin, MA Lifang, WANG Hai, XI Lin, XU Manman, YANG Chunlai. Carbon-base Protective Coating Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition on Copper Substrate[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(9): 706-712.
[2]	WANG Qian, PU Lei, JIA Caixia, LI Zhixin, LI Jun. Inhomogeneity of Interface Modification of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(9): 668-674.
[3]	FENG Ye, CHEN Zhiyong, JIANG Sumeng, GONG Jun, SHAN Yiyin, LIU Jianrong, WANG Qingjiang. Effect of a NiCrAlSiY Coating on Cyclic Oxidation and Room Temperature Tensile Properties of Ti65 Alloy Plate[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(7): 523-534.
[4]	WANG Gang, DU Leilei, MIAO Ziqiang, QIAN Kaicheng, DU Xiangbowen, DENG Zeting, LI Renhong. Interfacial Properties of Polyamide 6-based Composites Reinforced with Polydopamine Modified Carbon Fiber[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(3): 203-210.
[5]	CHEN Kaiwang, ZHANG Penglin, LI Shuwang, NIU Xianming, HU Chunlian. High-temperature Tribological Properties for Plasma Spraying Coating of Ni-P Plated Mullite Powders[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(1): 39-46.
[6]	SHAN Weiyao, WANG Yongli, LI Jing, XIONG Liangyin, DU Xiaoming, LIU Shi. High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Cr Based Coating on Zirconium Alloy[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(9): 699-705.
[7]	ZHANG Hongliang, ZHAO Guoqing, OU Junfei, Amirfazli Alidad. Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabric Based on Polydopamine via Simple One-Pot Immersion for Oil Water Separation[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(2): 114-122.
[8]	LI Jianzhong, ZHU Boxuan, WANG Zhenyu, ZHAO Jing, FAN Lianhui, YANG Ke. Preparation and Properties of Copper-carrying Polydopamine Coating on Ureteral Stent[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(10): 721-729.
[9]	LI Rui, WANG Hao, ZHANG Tiangang, NIU Wei. Microstructure and Properties of Laser Clad Ti₂Ni+TiC+Al₂O₃+Cr_xS_y Composite Coating on Ti811 Alloy[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(1): 62-72.
[10]	LI Xiuxian, QIU Wanqi, JIAO Dongling, ZHONG Xichun, LIU Zhongwu. Promotion Effect of α-Al₂O₃ Seeds on Low-temperature Deposition of α-Al₂O₃ Films by Reactive Sputtering[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(1): 8-12.
[11]	FAN Jinhui, LI Pengfei, LIANG Xiaojun, LIANG Jiangping, XU Changzheng, JIANG Li, YE Xiangxi, LI Zhijun. Interface Evolution During Rolling of Ni-clad Stainless Steel Plate[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(7): 493-500.
[12]	ZHANG Huichen, QI Xuelian. Super Low Friction Characteristics Initiated by Running-in Process in Water-based Lubricant for Ti-Alloy[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(5): 349-356.
[13]	LIU Fuguang, CHEN Shengjun, PAN Honggen, DONG Peng, MA Yingmin, HUANG Jie, YANG Erjuan, MI Zihao, WANG Yansong, LUO Xiaotao. Thermally Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coating of MCrAlY/8YSZ with Hybrid Microstructure and Its Spallation Resistance[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(4): 313-320.
[14]	TANG Changbin, NIU Hao, HUANG Ping, WANG Fei, ZHANG Yujie, XUE Juanqin. Electrosorption Characteristics of NF/PDMA /MnO₂-Co Capacitor Electrode for Pb²⁺in a Dilute Solution of Lead Ions[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(2): 115-127.
[15]	XU Wencui, LIN Yingzheng, SHAO Zaidong, ZHENG Yuming, CHENG Xuan, ZHONG Lubin. Facile Preparation of Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels for Oils Absorption[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(11): 820-826.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed