A Review for Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Nanohorns

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2020.397

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (6): 401-410 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2020.397

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A Review for Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Nanohorns

SONG Xiaolong¹, LUO Weijing¹, NAN Yanli²(

)

^1.State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi 'an 710049, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi 'an 710055, China

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SONG Xiaolong, LUO Weijing, NAN Yanli. A Review for Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Nanohorns. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2021, 35(6): 401-410.

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Abstract

Carbon nanohorns (CNHs) have become the focus of intense research due to their special physical and chemical properties. The preparation, structure, formation mechanism, property and applications of CNHs were presented in this review. As processes of cost-effective, high-purity, high-yield (industrial scale) and catalyst-free, CNHs can be produced by arc discharge and CO₂ laser ablation. CNHs are spherical aggregates, consisting of thousands of individual nanohorns with 2~5 nm in diameter and 20° cone angle. The tips of individual CNH have massive topological defects, for example, pentagon- and heptagon-shaped ones. The core part is made up of disordered graphene, hence such a compound structure leads to distinct physical and chemical properties compared with other nano-carbons. In addition, the diameter of CNHs can be adjusted within the range of 50~400 nm by adjusting the experimental procedures and parameters, correspondingly, their morphology changes form "dahlia-like"- to "bud-like"-type. The high purity and thermal stability, excellent electrical conductivity, combined with microporosity and mesoporosity, high surface area after post treatments make CNHs a promising candidate in many applications, such as super capacitor, catalyst support or catalyst, drug carrier systems, etc. Finally there still exist more unknown physical and chemical properties and application potential for this novel carbon nanohorns, which should be further studied.

Key words: review inorganic non-metallic materials carbon materials carbon nanohorns preparation applications

Received: 22 September 2020

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About author: NAN Yanli, Tel: 18191853136, E-mail: nanyl@xauat.edu.cn

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Fig.1 CNHs basic structure (a) Dahlia CNHs schematic diagram^[1]; (b) Single wall nanohorns^[31]; (c) Core disordered graphene^[8]; (d) Topological defects of nanohorns: Carbon five-membered rings and seven-membered rings^[2,6,7]

Fig.2 TEM and HRTEM images of Dahlia carbon nanohorns (a, b) and TEM and HRTEM images of seed carbon nanohorns (c, d) ^[33]

Fig.3 Raman characteristic peak of new phase above 36 GPa (a) Optical photo of the sample cavity at 40.2 Gpa (b) andin situ synchrotron radiation XRD test results (c)

Fig.4 Laser combustion three - chamber separation system^[5]

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of device preparing CNHs by arc discharge in water^[39]

Fig.6 TEM images of CNHs of platinum particles^[54] (a) Platinum particles at 20% were loaded on the original CNHs; (b) 20% of platinum particles were loaded in the oxidized CNHs; (c) Platinum particles at 60% were loaded on the original CNHs; (d) Platinum particles at 60% were loaded on the oxidized CNHs

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