Effect of Compression Rate on Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity of X65 Pipeline Steel Based on in-situ Small Punch Test

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.029

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (2): 92-102 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.029

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Effect of Compression Rate on Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity of X65 Pipeline Steel Based on in-situ Small Punch Test

WU Xiaoqi¹^,², WAN Hongjiang²^,³, MING Hongliang²^,³(

), WANG Jianqiu²^,³, KE Wei², HAN En-Hou⁴

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
4 Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510530, China

Cite this article:

WU Xiaoqi, WAN Hongjiang, MING Hongliang, WANG Jianqiu, KE Wei, HAN En-Hou. Effect of Compression Rate on Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity of X65 Pipeline Steel Based on in-situ Small Punch Test. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(2): 92-102.

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Abstract

Herein, the effect of compression rate on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) sensitivity of X65 pipeline steel was studied viain-situ small punch test (SPT). Compared with the samples exposed to 4 MPa nitrogen on one side, those exposed to 4 MPa hydrogen show significant HE sensitivity with features of obvious quasi-cleavage fracture as well as a significant decrease in small punch (SP) energy. When exposed to hydrogen, as the compression rate decreases, the HE sensitivity of samples increases significantly, while the SP energy value decreases accordingly. This indicates that within this range of compression rates, the HE sensitivity of X65 pipeline steel exhibits an upward trend with decreasing compression rate. At low compression rates, hydrogen diffusion can keep up with dislocation motion. Dislocations can carry hydrogen clusters along to the crack tip, thereby triggering significant hydrogen embrittlement phenomena. Additionally, based on the segmental compression test results of the load-displacement curves and the morphology analysis of the sample in each stage of the fracture process, the mechanism of hydrogen effect on the compression process of X65 pipeline steel by the applied stress was revealed.

Key words: metallic materials hydrogen embrittlement in-situ small punch test X65 pipeline steel compression rate fracture morphology SP energy

Received: 09 January 2024

ZTFLH:

TG172.3+2

Fund: National Key R & D Program of China(2021YFB4001601);Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2022187)

Corresponding Authors: MING Hongliang, Tel: (024)23998826, E-mail: hlming12s@imr.ac.cn

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	WU Xiaoqi
	WAN Hongjiang
	MING Hongliang
	WANG Jianqiu
	KE Wei
	HAN En-Hou

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.029 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2025/V39/I2/92

Table 1 Chemical composition of X65 pipeline steel (mass fraction, %)

Fig.1 Sampling method and schematic diagram with dimensions of compressed specimen

Fig.2 Microstructure images of X65 pipeline steel in different directions (a) RD-ND plane; (b) RD-TD plane; (c) TD-ND plane (P—pearlite; F—ferrite)

Fig.3 Physical illustration of the fixture device (a); internal schematic diagram of the fixture (b) and physical illustration of the compression equipment (c)

Table 2 Test conditions for in-situ small punch tests

Fig.4 Load-displacement curves under different compression rates in nitrogen environment at 4 MPa (a); load-displacement curves under different compression rates in hydrogen environment at 4 MPa (b); load-displacement curves under different gas environments and compression rates (c) and load-displacement curve partition map under a compression rate of 1 mm·min^-1 in nitrogen environment at 4 MPa (d)

Fig.5 SP energy values under different gas environments and compression rates

Table 3 Summary table of experimental results under different gas environments and compression rates

Fig.6 SEM images of fractured specimens under different conditions (a₁~c₁) 4 MPa nitrogen, compression rate of 1 mm·min^-1; (a₂~c₂) 4 MPa hydrogen, compression rate of 1 mm·min^-1; (a₃~c₃) 4 MPa hydrogen, compression rate of 0.1 mm·min^-1; (a₄~c₄) 4 MPa hydrogen, compression rate of 0.01 mm·min^-1; (a₅~c₅) 4 MPa hydrogen, compression rate of 0.004 mm·min^-1

Fig.7 SEM images of specimen surface in compression stage Ⅰ in nitrogen environment (a) and hydrogen environment (b) at 4 MPa

Fig.8 SEM images of specimen surface in compression stage Ⅱ in nitrogen environment (a₁~d₁) and hydrogen environment (a₂~d₂) at 4 MPa

Fig.9 SEM images of specimen surface in compression stage Ⅲ in nitrogen environment (a₁~d₁) and hydrogen environment (a₂~d₂) at 4 MPa

Fig.10 SEM images of specimen surface in compression stage IV in nitrogen environment (a₁~d₁) and hydrogen environment (a₂~d₂) at 4 MPa

Fig.11 Cross-sectional diagram of specimen fracture under a compression rate of 1 mm·min^-1 in nitrogen environment (a) and hydrogen environment (b) at 4 MPa

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