Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of Three-dimensional Ordered TiO2 Hollow Sphere Films

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2014.592

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2015, Vol. 29

Issue (11): 835-842 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.592

Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of Three-dimensional Ordered TiO₂ Hollow Sphere Films

Ailian CHEN¹,Zhaofang TANG²,Yang CHEN^2,^**(

),Zhigang CHEN³

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

Cite this article:

Ailian CHEN,Zhaofang TANG,Yang CHEN,Zhigang CHEN. Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of Three-dimensional Ordered TiO₂ Hollow Sphere Films. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2015, 29(11): 835-842.

Download:

HTML

PDF(6083KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

To improve the properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), three-dimensional ordered TiO₂ hollow spheres (3DOHS-TiO₂) films were synthesized using polystyrene spheres (290-300 nm) colloidal crystals as sacrificial templates. The photoelectric conversion performances of the DSSC based on double-layered films P25-TiO₂/3DOHS-TiO₂ were investigated. SEM results show that the orderly arranged TiO₂ hollow spheres form hexangular and square arrays, and the hollow spheres connect to their neighbors through pores. The center-center spacing of the 3DOHS-TiO₂is 260-270 nm, and the thickness of the hollow shells is 40-50 nm. TEM results show that the shell is composed of a lot of tiny particles resulting in a mesoporous framework. The mean size of the anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles of the shells is ca.10 nm as estimated from the HRTEM image. By compared with the P25-TiO₂ nanocrystalline DSSC (η=4.32%), the DSSC based on the double-layered films P25-TiO₂/3DOHS-TiO₂ exhibit a higher photoelectric performance (η=6.98%). The enhancement of the cell performance can be attributed to the enhancement of light harvesting of the light scattering ability of the layer 3DOHS-TiO₂.

Key words: inorganic non-metallic materials TiO₂ three-dimensional ordered structure colloidal crystal template dye-sensitized solar cell

Received: 16 October 2014

Fund: *Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 51205032, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province No.BK2012158, the Applied Basic Research Project of Suzhou City No.SYG201316, and the Key Laboratory for Environment Functional Materials of Jiangsu Province No.SJHG1302.

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	（）
	Articles by authors
	Ailian CHEN
	Zhaofang TANG
	Yang CHEN
	Zhigang CHEN

URL:

https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2014.592 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2015/V29/I11/835

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of the procedure for 3DOHS-TiO₂ films

Fig.2 SEM images of colloidal crystal templates, (a, b) top view image, (c, d) cross-section image

Fig.3 TGA curves of colloidal crystal templates (a) and template/TiO₂-precursor composites (b)

Fig.4 XRD spectrum of 3DOHS-TiO₂ samples

Fig.5 FESEM images of 3DOHS-TiO₂ samples, (a, b) top view images, (c, d) cross-section images

Fig.6 FESEM images of (a) colloidal crystal templates and (b) 3DOHS-TiO₂samples by square arrays

Fig.7 TEM images and SAED pattern (inset) of 3DOHS-TiO₂samples

Fig.8 N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm and BJH pore-size distribution plot (inset) of 3DOHS-TiO₂samples

Fig.9 Current density-voltage characteristics of DSSCs

Table 1 Photovoltaic properties of DSSCs

1	B. O'Regan, M. Gr?tzel,A low-cost, high efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films, Nature, 353(6346), 737(1991)
2	A. Yella, H. Lee, H.N. Tsao, C. Yi, A.K. Chandiran, M. Nazeeruddin, E.W. Diau, C. Yeh, S.M. Zakeeruddin, M. Gr?tzel,Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells with Cobalt (II/III)-based redox electrolyte exceed 12 percent efficiency, Science, 334, 629(2011)
3	A. Hagfeldt, G. Boschloo, L. Sun, L. Kloo, H. Pettersson,Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Chem. Rev., 110(11), 6595(2010)
4	A. B. F. Martinson, J. W. Elam, J. T. Hupp, M. J. Pellin,ZnO nanotube based dye-sensitized solar cells, Nano Lett., 7(8), 2183(2007)
5	B. Tan, E. Toman, Y. Li, Y.Y. Wu,Zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4) dye-sensitized solar cells, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129(14), 4162(2007)
6	H. Zheng, Y. Tachibana, K. Kalantar-zadeh. Dye-sensitized solar cells based on WO3, Langmuir, 26(24), 19148(2010)
7	S. Mori, S.Fukuda, S. Sumikura, Y. Takeda, Y. Tamaki, E. Suzuki, T. Abe,Charge-transfer processes in Dye-sensitized NiO solar cells, J. Phys. Chem. C, 12(41), 16134(2008)
8	P. Tiwana, P. Docampo, M.B. Johnston, H.J. Snaith, L.M. Herz,Electron mobility and injection dynamics in mesoporous ZnO, SnO2, and TiO2 films used in dye-sensitized solar cells, ACS Nano, 5(6), 5158(2011)
9	K. Fan, W. Zhang, T. Peng, J. Chen, F. Yang,Application of TiO2 fusiform nanorods for dye-sensitized solar cells with significantly improved efficiency, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115(34), 17213(2011)
10	B. Liu, E. S. Aydil,Growth of oriented single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanorods on transparent conducting substrates for Dye-sensitized solar cells, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(11), 3985(2009)
11	M. Ye, X. Xin, C. Lin, Z. Lin,High efficiency Dye-sensitized solar cells based on hierarchically structured nanotubes, Nano Lett., 11(8), 3214(2011)
12	Q. Zheng, H. Kang, J. Yun, J. Lee, J.H. Park, S. Baik,Hierarchical construction of self-standing anodized titania nanotube arrays and nanoparticles for efficient and cost-effective front-illuminated dye-sensitized solar cells, ACS Nano, 5(6), 5088(2011)
13	LUO Huaming,LIU Zhiyong, BAI Chuanyi, LU Yuming, CAI Chuanbing, TiO2 nanotube based dye-sensitized photoanode, Journal of Inorganic Materials, 28(5), 521(2013)
13	(罗华明, 刘志勇, 白传易, 鲁玉明, 蔡传兵, 基于二氧化钛纳米管的染料敏化电池光阳极研究, 无机材料学报, 28(5), 521(2013))
14	Y. Chen, Z. Tang, Z. Chen,Fabrication of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous TiO2 films with enhanced photovoltaic conversion efficiency, J. Inorg. Organomet. Polym., 23, 839(2013)
15	J. Shin, J.H. Moon,Bilayer inverse opal TiO2 electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells via post-treatment, Langmuir, 27(10), 6311(2011)
16	Y. J. Kim, Y. H. Lee, M. H. Lee, H. J. Kim, J. H. Pan, G. I. Lim, Y. S. Choi, K. Kim, N. Park, C. Lee, W. I. Lee,Formation of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells by introducing an interfacial layer of long-range ordered mesoporous TiO2 thin film, Langmuir, 24(22), 13225(2008)
17	F. Sauvage, D. Chen, P. Comte, F. Huang, L. Heiniger, Y. Cheng, R.A. Caruso, M. Graetzel,Dye-sensitized solar cells employing a single film of mesoporous TiO2 beads achieve power conversion efficiencies over 10%, ACS Nano, 4(8), 4420(2010)
18	X. Zhang, F. Liu, Q. Huang, G. Zhou, Z. Wang,Dye-sensitized W-doped TiO2 solar cells with a tunable conduction band and suppressed charge recombination, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115(25), 12665(2011)
19	W. Guo, Y. Shen, L. Wu, Y. Gao, T. Ma,Effect of N dopant amount on the performance of Dye-sensitized solar cells based on N-doped TiO2 electrodes, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115(43), 21494(2011)
20	Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, P. Wang, G. Yang, Y. Zhu,Anatase TiO2 hollow spheres embedded TiO2 nanocrystalline photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells, Mater. Chem. Phys., 123, 595(2010)
21	J. Yu, Q. Li, Z. Shu,Dye-sensitized solar cells based on double-layered TiO2 composite films and enhanced photovoltaic performance, Electrochim. Acta, 56, 6293(2011)
22	J. Yu, J. Fan, B. Cheng,Dye-sensitized solar cells based on anatase TiO2 hollow spheres/carbon nanotube composite films, J. Power Sources, 196, 7891(2011)
23	J. Zhang, Z. Sun, B. Yang. Self-assembly of photonic crystals from polymer colloids, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 14, 103(2009)
24	D. Kang, Y. Lee, C. Cho, J. H. Moon,Inverse opal carbons for counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells, Langmuir, 28, 7033(2012)
25	CHEN Yang,TANG Zhaofang, ZHU Yajuan, YAO Chao, Synthesis, characterization and low-temperature reducibility of inverse opal three-dimensional ordered macroporous CeO2, Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 26(5), 527(2012)
25	(陈杨, 唐昭芳, 祝雅娟, 姚超, 反蛋白石结构三维有序大孔CeO2的制备、表征及其低温还原性能, 材料研究学报, 26(5), 527(2012)
26	YU Bing,CONG Hailin, XUE Lei, LIU Xuesong, CHEN Zhaojing, Fabrication and application progress of colloidal crystals, Chinese Science Bulletin, 59(9), 752(2014)
26	(于冰, 丛海林, 薛蕾, 刘学松, 陈昭晶, 胶体晶体制备与应用研究进展, 科学通报, 59(9), 752(2014))
27	ZHEN Yifan,LI Guohua, TIAN Wei, MA Chunan, In situ XRD study on the phase transformation of nanoanatase, Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 23(6), 1121(2007)
27	(郑遗凡, 李国华, 田伟, 马淳安, 纳米锐钛矿相变的原位XRD研究, 无机化学学报, 23(6), 1121(2007))
28	J. Wang, F. Li, H. Zhou, P. Sun, D. Ding, T. Chen,Silica hollow spheres with ordered and radially oriented amino-functionalized mesochannels, Chem. Mater., 21, 612(2009)
29	M. T. Wu, T. J. Chow,TiO2 particles prepared by size control self-assembly and their usage on dye-sensitized solar cell, Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 196, 354(2014)

[1]	SONG Lifang, YAN Jiahao, ZHANG Diankang, XUE Cheng, XIA Huiyun, NIU Yanhui. Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Capacity of Alkali-metal Cation Dopped MIL125[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(9): 649-654.
[2]	SHAO Hongmei, CUI Yong, XU Wendi, ZHANG Wei, SHEN Xiaoyi, ZHAI Yuchun. Template-free Hydrothermal Preparation and Adsorption Capacity of Hollow Spherical AlOOH[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(9): 675-684.
[3]	REN Fuyan, OUYANG Erming. Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride by g-C₃N₄ Modified Bi₂O₃[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(8): 633-640.
[4]	LIU Mingzhu, FAN Rao, ZHANG Xiaoyu, MA Zeyuan, LIANG Chengyang, CAO Ying, GENG Shitong, LI Ling. Effect of Photoanode Film Thickness of SnO₂ as Scattering Layer on the Photovoltaic Performance of Quantum Dot Dye-sensitized Solar Cells[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(7): 554-560.
[5]	LI Yanwei, LUO Kang, YAO Jinhuan. Lithium Ions Storage Properties of Ni(OH)₂ Anode Materials Prepared with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate as Accessory Ingredient[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(6): 453-462.
[6]	YU Moxin, ZHANG Shuhai, ZHU Bowen, ZHANG Chen, WANG Xiaoting, BAO Jiamin, WU Xiang. Preparation of Nitrogen-doped Biochar and its Adsorption Capacity for Co²⁺[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(4): 291-300.
[7]	ZHU Mingxing, DAI Zhonghua. Study on Energy Storage Properties of SrSC_0.5Nb_0.5O₃ Modified BNT-based Lead-free Ceramics[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(3): 228-234.
[8]	LIU Zhihua, YUE Yuanchao, QIU Yifan, BU Xiang, YANG Tao. Preparation of g-C₃N₄/Ag/BiOBr Composite and Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(10): 781-790.
[9]	ZHOU Yi, TU Qiang, MI Zhonghua. Effect of Preparing Methods on Structure and Properties of Phosphate Glass-ceramics[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(10): 739-746.
[10]	XIE Feng, GUO Jianfeng, WANG Haitao, CHANG Na. Construction of ZnO/CdS/Ag Composite Photocatalyst and Its Catalytic and Antibacterial Performance[J]. 材料研究学报, 2023, 37(1): 10-20.
[11]	FANG Xiangming, REN Shuai, RONG Ping, LIU Shuo, GAO Shiyong. Fabrication and Infrared Detection Performance of Ag-modified SnSe Nanotubes[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(8): 591-596.
[12]	LI Fulu, HAN Chunmiao, GAO Jiawang, JIANG Jian, XU Hui, LI Bing. Temperature Dependent Luminescence Properties of Graphene Oxide[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(8): 597-601.
[13]	ZHU Xiaodong, XIA Yangwen, YU Qiang, Yang Daixiong, HE Lili, FENG Wei. Preparation and Characterization of Cu Doped Rutile TiO₂ and Photocatalytic Property[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(8): 635-640.
[14]	XIONG Tinghui, CAI Wenhan, MIAO Yu, CHEN Chenlong. Simultaneous Epitaxy Growth and Photoelectrochemical Performance of ZnO Nanorod Arrays and Films[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(7): 481-488.
[15]	TAN Chong, LI Yuanyuan, WANG Huanhuan, LI Junsheng, XIA Zhi, ZUO Jinlong, YAO Lin. Preparation of g-C₃N₄/Ag/TiO₂ NTs and Photocatalytic Degradation of Ceftazidine[J]. 材料研究学报, 2022, 36(5): 392-400.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed