Preparation of Fe-doped Biochar and Its Adsorption Performance for Ni2+ and Co2+ Metal Ions

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2023.571

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (11): 849-860 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2023.571

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Preparation of Fe-doped Biochar and Its Adsorption Performance for Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ Metal Ions

YU Moxin¹^,², SUN Yuhang¹, SHI Wenxu¹, ZHANG Chen¹, WANG Xiaoting¹^,³(

)

1 Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 234000, China
2 Sinosteel New Materials Co., Ltd., Ma'anshan 234000, China
3 Magang (Group) Holding Co., Ltd., Ma'anshan 234000, China

Cite this article:

YU Moxin, SUN Yuhang, SHI Wenxu, ZHANG Chen, WANG Xiaoting. Preparation of Fe-doped Biochar and Its Adsorption Performance for Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ Metal Ions. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(11): 849-860.

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Abstract

The Fe-doped magnetic biochar FSBC _x_-_y was prepared via high temperature pyrolysis at 800^oC with Fe-doped carbon precursor as raw material. The Fe-doped carbon precursor was made via co-hydrothermal method with aloe green skin as carbon source and FeSO₄ as Fe source. The as-made FSBC _x_-_y was characterized by BET、SEM、FTIR、Zeta and XPS, and its application for adsorption of Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ in waste water was investigated. The result showed that the FSBC _x_-_y has a hierarchical porous structure with a lamellar-like surface with many small flakes. When the mass ratio of aloe green skin to FeSO₄ was 3:1, the specific surface area of the as-made FSBC_3-1 is 82 m²·g^-1, and the total pore volume is 0.10 cm³·g^-1. The surface of FSBC_3-1 is rich in active groups of O, S and Fe, which can react with Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ through ion exchange, electrostatic adsorption, complexation, co-precipitation and electrostatic adsorption. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics were more consistent with Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to the Langmuir model, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ by FSBC_3-1 are 136.43 mg·g^-1 and 132.10 mg·g^-1 respectively, which are mainly chemical adsorption. Fixed bed experiment results show that FSBC_3-1 has the high dynamic adsorption capacity for metal ions.

Key words: inorganic non-metallic materials magnetic biochar aloe vera green skin Fe dope metal ions chemical adsorption

Received: 29 November 2023

ZTFLH:

O647.3

Fund: Anhui Province Postdoctoral Research Project(2021B547);Anhui Provincial Department of Education Natural Science Research Project(KJ2021A0399)

Corresponding Authors: WANG Xiaoting, Tel: 13855518820, E-mail: pingguo2911@sina.com

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2023.571 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2024/V38/I11/849

Fig.1 SEM images of FSBC _x_-_y (a) FSBC_1-1, (b) FSBC_2-1, (c) FSBC_3-1, (d) FSBC_3-1-Ni²⁺, (e) FSBC_3-1-Co²⁺

Table 1 Specific surface area and pore structure parameters of FSBC _x_-_y

Fig.2 N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm and pore size distribution of FSBC _x_-_y (a) and (c) N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm, (b) and (d) pore size distribution

Fig.3 FTIR spectrum of FSBC_3-1 (a) FSBC_3-1, (b) FSBC_3-1-Ni²⁺, (c) FSBC_3-1-Co²⁺

Fig.4 Zeta potential of FSBC_3-1

Fig.5 Full spectrum of FSBC_3-1

Table 2 Elements content of XPS analysis (mole fraction, %)

Fig.6 O1s spectrum of FSBC_3-1

sample	C-O	C=O	-OH	S^2-	S^-	SO $3 2 -$	SO $3 2 -$	Fe²⁺	Fe³⁺
FSBC_3-1	69.55	22.25	8.20	9.10	8.79	53.71	53.71	49.90	50.10
FSBC_3-1-Ni²⁺	44.73	33.46	21.81	10.90	11.50	45.70	45.70	54.70	45.30
FSBC_3-1-Co⁺	36.65	37.75	25.60	12.80	16.20	44.10	44.10	51.40	48.60

Table 3 Functional group content of O1s spectrum, S2p spectrum and Fe2p spectrum in XPS analysis (mole fraction, %)

Fig.7 S2p spectrum of FSBC_3-1

Fig.8 Fe2p spectrum of FSBC_3-1

Fig.9 VSM spectrum of FSBC_3-1

Fig.10 Adsorption isotherm curve of FSBC _x_-_y

Fig.11 Linear fitting of Langmuir model for FSBC _x_-_y

Fig.12 Removal rate for FSBC _x_-_y

Fig.13 Adsorption kinetics curve of FSBC _x_-_y

Fig.14 Linear fitting of adsorption kinetics of FSBC _x_-_y

Fig.15 Breakthrough curve for dynamic adsorption of FSBC_3-1

Fig.16 Regeneration adsorption efficiency curve of FSBC_3-1

Fig.17 Effect of pH value on adsorption of FSBC_3-1

Fig.18 Competitive adsorption map of metal ions for FSBC_3-1

Table 4 Metal ions of FSBC_3-1 compete for the adsorption partition coefficient

Fig.19 adsorption mechanism of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺ on FSBC _x_-_y

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