Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted 17-4PH Stainless Steel

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2020.553

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (8): 606-614 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2020.553

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Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted 17-4PH Stainless Steel

QIN Feng¹^,²^,³^,⁴, SHI Qi²^,³^,⁴, LIU Xin²^,³^,⁴, ZHOU Ge¹(

), CHEN Lijia¹

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
^2.Institute of Materials and Processing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
^3.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metal Toughening Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510650, China
^4.National Engineering Research Center of Powder Metallurgy of Titanium & Rare Metals, Guangzhou 510650, China

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QIN Feng, SHI Qi, LIU Xin, ZHOU Ge, CHEN Lijia. Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melted 17-4PH Stainless Steel. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2021, 35(8): 606-614.

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Abstract

The laser selectively melted 17-4PH stainless steel was subjected to different post-heat treatment, i.e. vacuum heat treatment (1040℃/2 h+water quenching and 480℃/4 h+water quenching), hot isostatic pressing heat treatment (1040℃-150 MPa/2 h HIP +gas rapid cooling and vacuum 480℃-100 MPa/4 h+GRC) and combined heat treatment (1040℃-150 MPa/2 h HIP+GRC and vacuum 480℃/4 h+water quenching). Afterwards, the microstructure and mechanical performance of the laser melted steels were characterized by means of optical microscopy, electron scanning microscopy, microhardness tester and universal tensile tester. The results show that the vacuum heat treatment can reduce the inner pore size down to 3~7 μm. After hot isostatic pressing treatment, all pores almost closed and the density is almost of the theoretical value of the laser deposited 17-4PH stainless stee. After heat treatment, the 17-4PH stainless steel composed of tempered- and quenched-martensite, and the precipitates with size of 100~150 nm dispersed in grains. Vacuum heat treatment + water quenching can significantly increase the tensile strength and hardness of the deposited 17-4PH stainless steel to 1300 MPa and 448.5HV, respectively. Hot isostatic pressing heat treatment can significantly increase the tensile strength of the deposited 17-4PH stainless steel, at the same time, its elongation at break reaches 22.4%.The fracture morphology of the as deposited 17-4PH SS and the one after hot isostatic pressing heat treatment was typical ductile fracture, and the dimples of hot isostatic pressing heat treatment ones were larger in size and deeper in depth. The fracture morphologies of the deposited 17-4PH SS after vacuum heat treatment and combined heat treatment have the characteristics of partial brittle fracture and emergence of a few cracks, whilst who's plasticity decreases slightly, in comparison with that of the as deposited ones.

Key words: metallic materials selective laser melting hot isostatic pressing 17-4PH steel mechanical properties

Received: 22 December 2020

ZTFLH:

TG142.1+4

Fund: Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030313127)

About author: ZHOU Ge, Tel: 18602408585, E-mail: zhouge@sut.edu.cn

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2020.553 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2021/V35/I8/606

Table 1 Selective laser melting process parameters

Fig.1 Heat treatment processes of the SLM-processed 17-4PH stainless steels (a) vacuum heat treatment; (b) HIP heat treatment; (c) combined heat treatment

Fig.2 Geometry and dimensions of tensile specimens

Fig.3 Morphology of 17-4PH stainless steel powders

Fig.4 Particle size distribution (a) and X-ray diffraction spectrum (b) of initial powder of 17-4PH stainless steel

Fig.5 Relative densities of the as-built and heat treated 17-4PH stainless steel samples

Fig.6 Top (a) and side (b) view morphology of the as-built 17-4PH stainless steel sample

Fig.7 Micro-pores of the SLM-processed 17-4PH stainless steels after different heat treatments (a) vacuum heat treatment; (b) HIP heat treatment; (c) combined heat treatment

Fig.8 XRD spectra of the as-built and heat treated 17-4PH stainless steel samples

Fig.9 Optical microscopy (a) and SEM micrographs (b) of the SLM-processed 17-4PH stainless steel sample

Fig.10 Micrographs of the SLM-17-4PH stainless steel (a) and (d) vacuum heat treatment; (b) and (d) HIP treatment; (c) and (f) combined heat treatment

Fig.11 HIP heat treated sample (a) TEM micrograph and (b) the corresponding selected area diffraction (SAD) pattern

Fig.12 Microhardness of the 17-4PH stainless steel samples under various conditions

Fig.13 Ultimate tensile strengths and elongations of the 17-4PH stainless steels under various conditions

Fig.14 Overall appearance of Fracture of the SLM-processed samples (a) as-built; (b) vacuum heat treatment; (c) HIP heat treatment; (d) combined heat treatment

Fig.15 Fractography of the SLM-processed 17-4PH stainless steel samples (a) as-built; (b) vacuum heat treatment; (c) HIP heat treatment; (d) combined heat treatment

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