耐高温SiO2/ZrO2 纳米纤维膜的力学和隔热性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2023.232

材料研究学报

2024, Vol. 38

Issue (5): 365-372 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2023.232

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

耐高温SiO₂/ZrO₂ 纳米纤维膜的力学和隔热性能

徐汇, 张培垣, 徐娜娜, 刘涛, 张晓山(

), 王兵(

), 王应德

国防科技大学空天科学学院新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室长沙 410073

Mechanical Property and Thermal Insulation Performance of SiO₂/ZrO₂ Nanofiber Membranes with High Thermal Stability

XU Hui, ZHANG Peiyuan, XU Nana, LIU Tao, ZHANG Xiaoshan(

), WANG Bing(

), WANG Yingde

Science and Technology and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

引用本文:

徐汇, 张培垣, 徐娜娜, 刘涛, 张晓山, 王兵, 王应德. 耐高温SiO₂/ZrO₂ 纳米纤维膜的力学和隔热性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2024, 38(5): 365-372.
Hui XU, Peiyuan ZHANG, Nana XU, Tao LIU, Xiaoshan ZHANG, Bing WANG, Yingde WANG. Mechanical Property and Thermal Insulation Performance of SiO₂/ZrO₂ Nanofiber Membranes with High Thermal Stability[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2024, 38(5): 365-372.

全文: PDF(11392 KB) HTML

摘要:

将静电纺丝技术与先驱体转化法相结合，制备出耐高温(1300℃)性能较好的SiO₂/ZrO₂纳米纤维膜。这种SiO₂/ZrO₂-0.5纳米纤维由无定形SiO₂相和t-ZrO₂纳米晶组成，其平均直径为495.8 ± 45.5 nm。SiO₂/ZrO₂-0.5纳米纤维膜具有较高的拉伸强度(4.88 ± 0.27 MPa)、良好的柔性和优异的高温隔热性能，其1000℃热导率仅为0.167 W·m^-1·K^-1，显著低于传统陶瓷隔热纤维膜。

关键词 ：无机非金属材料, 静电纺丝, SiO₂/ZrO₂纳米纤维膜, 耐高温性能, 隔热性能

Abstract：

The high strength, high temperature resistance and high thermal shock resistance of ceramic nanofibers are essential to high temperature thermal insulation materials, which have good application prospects in aerospace and other fields. The low thermal conductivity and good infrared refractive index of ZrO₂ nanofibers have attracted much attention in the field of thermal insulation. However, the poor thermal stability (≤ 1200^oC) of ZrO₂ nanofiber limits their utilization in the field of high-temperature thermal insulation. In this study, a novel membrane of SiO₂/ZrO₂-0.5 nanofibers (d = 495.8 ± 45.5 nm) with high temperature resistance up to 1300^oC was prepared by combining electrospinning technology and preceramic polymer pyrolysis method, the SiO₂/ZrO₂-0.5 nanofiber composed of amorphous SiO₂ phase and t-ZrO₂ nanocrystalline. The fabricated SiO₂/ZrO₂-0.5 nanofiber membrane shows high tensile strength (4.88 ± 0.27 MPa), good flexibility and excellent thermal insulation performance at high temperatures. Finally, it is worth noting in particular that the thermal conductivity of SiO₂/ZrO₂-0.5 nanofiber membrane is only 0.167 W·m^-1·K^-1 at 1000^oC, which is significantly lower than those of the known traditional ceramic fiber membranes.

Key words： inorganic non-metallic materials electrospinning SiO₂/ZrO₂ nanofiber membranes high temperature resistance thermal insulation performance

收稿日期: 2023-04-19

ZTFLH:

TQ343

基金资助:湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ20048);重点实验室稳定支持科研项目(WDZC20235250501)

通讯作者: 张晓山，博士，zhangxiaoshan15@nudt.edu.cn，研究方向为陶瓷先驱体与陶瓷纤维；
王兵，副研究员，bingwang@nudt.edu.cn，研究方向为陶瓷先驱体与陶瓷纤维

Corresponding author: ZHANG Xiaoshan, Tel: 13739086732, E-mail: zhangxiaoshan15@nudt.edu.cn；
WANG Bing, Tel: 13687399626, E-mail: bingwang@nudt.edu.cn

作者简介: 徐汇，男，1999年生，硕士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2023.232 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2024/V38/I5/365

图1 强度测试用样品的尺寸和光学照片

图2 不同PZSO纤维的FTIR光谱和不同PZSO溶液的粘度和电导率

图3 SiO2/ZrO2纳米纤维SEM照片和纤维直径的分布

表1 纳米纤维内锆元素的含量(质量分数，%)

图4 SiO2/ZrO2纳米纤维的XRD谱

图5 SiO2/ZrO2-0.5纳米纤维的TEM照片、高分辨TEM照片和EDS元素分布图

图6 SiO2/ZrO2纳米纤维的XPS全谱图以及Zr3d、 Si2p、 O1s 的分峰拟合图

图7 SiO2/ZrO2纳米纤维膜的拉伸强度-应变曲线、抗拉强度、真密度和体密度以及展示力学性能的光学照片

图8 SiO2/ZrO2-0.5纳米纤维膜的热重曲线、加热处理后的SEM图像、在2.5~5 μm的e值以及与其他陶瓷纤维膜热导率的比较

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