碳纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及其吸油性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2020.574

材料研究学报

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (11): 820-826 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2020.574

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

碳纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及其吸油性能

许文萃¹^,², 林英正², 邵再东², 郑煜铭², 程璇¹(

), 钟鹭斌²(

)

^1.厦门大学材料学院厦门 361005
^2.中国科学院城市环境研究所中国科学院城市污染物转化重点实验室厦门 361021

Facile Preparation of Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels for Oils Absorption

XU Wencui¹^,², LIN Yingzheng², SHAO Zaidong², ZHENG Yuming², CHENG Xuan¹(

), ZHONG Lubin²(

)

^1.College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
^2.CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China

引用本文:

许文萃, 林英正, 邵再东, 郑煜铭, 程璇, 钟鹭斌. 碳纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及其吸油性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2021, 35(11): 820-826.
Wencui XU, Yingzheng LIN, Zaidong SHAO, Yuming ZHENG, Xuan CHENG, Lubin ZHONG. Facile Preparation of Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels for Oils Absorption[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2021, 35(11): 820-826.

全文: PDF(9304 KB) HTML

摘要:

先用静电纺丝-液相接收技术制备蓬松的聚丙烯腈(PAN)三维纳米纤维，然后将其进行热稳定化处理得到超轻纳米纤维气凝胶(CNFAs)。CNFAs内部是碳纳米纤维交叠形成的开孔网络，发生80%应变后能回弹到原形。用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)气相沉积疏水化处理后，CNFAs的水接触角增大到145°。研究了静电纺丝纳米纤维的原始堆积密度对CNFAs的体积收缩率、密度、吸油容量以及循环吸附量的影响，结果表明：这种气凝胶的机械性能优异。纳米纤维合适的初始堆积密度为4 mg·mL^-1，制备出的CNFAs对油类污染物的吸附量可达到自重的185倍；用燃烧和挤压方法10次循环回收吸附饱和的CNFAs，其吸附容量仍保持稳定。

关键词 ：材料表面与界面, 碳气凝胶, 静电纺丝, 吸油, 液相接收

Abstract：

The polyacrylonitrile (PAN) three-dimensional nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and liquid phase receiving technique, and then the ultra-light carbon nanofiber aerogels (CNFAs) with excellent mechanical properties were obtained by post thermal stabilizing the nanofibers. There exists a network of open holes formed by overlapping carbon nanofibers inside the CNFAs, which can bounce back to its original shape after 80% strain. The water contact angle of CNFAs increased to 145^o after hydrophobic treatment via vapor depositionof polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The effect of the original bulk density of electro-spun nanofibers on the volume shrinkage, density, oil absorption capacity and cyclic adsorption capacity of CNFAs was assessed. The results show that 4 mg·mL^-1 is a more appropriate initial bulk density, and the adsorption capacity of CNFAs for oil pollutants can reach 185 times of its own weight. The CNFAs of saturated absorption could be recovered by direct combustion or extrusion, and even after 10 cycles of combustion recovery, the adsorption capacity of the recovered CNFAs could remain by a rather stable level.

Key words： surface and interface in the materials carbon aerogel electrospinning oil sorbent liquid-assist collector

收稿日期: 2020-12-30

ZTFLH:

X703.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51578525)

作者简介: 许文萃，男，1995年生，硕士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2020.574 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2021/V35/I11/820

图1 碳纳米纤维气凝胶的制备过程

图2 三维纳米纤维热稳定化处理前后的压缩回弹性

图3 初始密度和热处理温度不同的碳纳米纤维气凝胶应变为80%的应力应变曲线

图4 热处理温度不同的碳纳米纤维气凝胶的拉曼光谱

图5 三维纳米纤维碳化后的体积收缩率和密度

图6 碳纳米纤维气凝胶PDMS气相沉积前后的SEM照片

图7 碳纳米纤维气凝胶水接触角的测试

图8 碳纳米纤维气凝胶疏水化处理不同时间后水接触角的测试

图9 不同初始堆积密度CNFAs的吸油容量(以乙醇吸附量为例)

图10 CNFAs对不同油类污染物的吸附量(以4 mg·mL-1初始堆积密度CNFAs为例)

图11 碳纳米纤维气凝胶的燃烧回收

图12 碳纳米纤维气凝胶燃烧循环吸附性能

图13 碳纳米纤维气凝胶的压缩循环

图14 碳纳米纤维气凝胶的压缩循环吸附性能

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