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Chinese Journal of Materials Research  2014, Vol. 28 Issue (12): 925-933    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.185
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Phenol Adsorption Characteristics of Two Novel Gemini Surfactants Modified Organ-bentonites
Guanghai XUE1,*,Manglai GAO2,Zhongxin LUO2
1. Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Beijing 100160
2. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249
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Guanghai XUE,Manglai GAO,Zhongxin LUO. Phenol Adsorption Characteristics of Two Novel Gemini Surfactants Modified Organ-bentonites. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2014, 28(12): 925-933.

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Abstract  

Bentonite was modified by means of ion exchange with two Gemini surfactants (1, 3-bis(dodecyldimethylammonio)-propane dibromide (BDP) and 1, 3-bis(dodecyldimethylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane dichloride (BDHP)) respectively to prepare two organ- bentonites BDP-B and BDHP-Bt. The organ-bentonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. Then their adsorption ability of phenol from aqueous solutions was examined in terms of the pH value and contact time. The results show that the adsorption of phenol increases with of the increasing pH value. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the equilibrium data fitted the Langmuir and Temkin equations better than Freundlich equation for both BDP modified bentonite (BDP-Bt) and BDHP modified bentonite (BDHP-Bt). The results also show that BDHP-Bt containing one hydroxyl in the Gemini surfactant molecule was more effective than BDP-Bt for the sorption of phenol from aqueous solutions. Thus, a new idea was put forward for the selection of high efficient modified agent, i.e., hydroxyl-containing Gemini surfactants. The negative values of ΔG° and ΔH° obtained from thermodynamic study of adsorption process indicated the spontaneous and exothermic nature for the two organ- bentonites.
Key words:  inorganic non-metallic materials      bentonite      modification      gemini surfactant      phenol      adsorption     
Received:  12 April 2014     
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Guanghai XUE
Manglai GAO
Zhongxin LUO

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2014.185     OR     https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2014/V28/I12/925

Fig.1  IR spectra of BDP-Bt (BDHP-Bt) (a) and Na-Bt (b)
Fig.2  XRD patterns of Na-Bt, BDP-Bt (a) and BDHP-Bt (b) samples
Fig.3  Effect of concentration of modified agents on phenol adsorption (Adsorbent mass=0.10 g, C0=100 mg/L, V=50 mL, t=25 °C)
Fig.4  Effect of contacting time and solution pH on phenol adsorption (a) 1.0 CEC BDP-Bt (b) 1.0 CEC BDHP-Bt (Adsorbent mass=0.10 g, C0=100 mg/L, V=50 mL, t=25 °C)
Parameter Pseudo-second-order Pseudo-second-order Intraparticle diffusion
pH qe,exp k1 qe,cal R2 k2 qe,cal h R2 Kdif C R2
BDP-Bt
2 5.34 0.0126 1.55 0.4068 0.192 5.35 5.50 0.9997 0.270 3.86 0.9554
4 20.48 0.0269 6.78 0.7631 0.020 20.41 8.24 0.9993 0.891 13.86 0.9590
6 35.53 0.0288 7.68 0.7151 0.023 35.34 28.90 0.9999 1.169 27.60 0.9450
10 39.53 0.0283 7.25 0.6821 0.026 39.37 40.98 0.9999 1.028 32.46 0.9530
BDHP-Bt
2 5.80 0.0329 2.82 0.7022 0.031 8.91 1.11 0.9944 0.576 2.01 0.9984
4 20.89 0.0329 13.91 0.9379 0.006 21.79 2.74 0.9930 3.071 5.40 0.9981
6 39.38 0.0350 23.18 0.9525 0.004 40.65 6.86 0.9968 5.034 6.97 0.9740
10 43.77 0.0359 18.69 0.8909 0.007 44.64 13.07 0.9989 4.427 16.70 0.9788
Table 1  Models parameters obtained in adsorption of phenol onto BDP-Bt (1.0CEC) and BDHP-Bt (1.0CEC) (Adsorbent mass=0.10 g, C0=100 mg/L, V=50 mL, t=25℃)
Isotherms Parameters
BDP-Bt BDHP-Bt
Langmuir Qm=52.91 mg/g Qm=58.82 mg/g
Ka=0.067 L/mg Ka=0.078 L/mg
R2=0.9995 R2=0.9992
Freundlich 1/n=0.3171 1/n=0.3155
KF=10.03 mg/g KF=11.64 mg/g
R2=0.8738 R2=0.8321
Temkin α=1.2732 L/g α=1.5812 L/g
β=9.089 mg/L β=9.9905 mg/L
b=272.61 J/mol b=250.14 J/mol
R2=0.9673 R2=0.9536
Table 2  Comparison of the coefficients isotherm parameters for phenol adsorption onto BDP-Bt (1.0CEC) and BDHP-Bt (1.0CEC) (Adsorbent mass=0.10 g, V=50 mL, t=25℃, pH=10)
Fig.5  Pseudo-second-order plots of phenol adsorption onto BDP-Bt and BDHP-Bt at different pH (a) 1.0 CEC BDP-Bt (b)1.0 CEC BDHP-Bt (Adsorbent mass=0.10 g, C0=100 mg/L, V=50 mL, t=25℃)
T/K BDP/BDHP-Bt
ΔG °/kJmol-1 ΔH°/kJmol-1 ΔS°/J(molK)-1
298 -23.81/-23.43 -5.50/-4.62 61.41/63.12
308 -24.42/-24.07
318 -25.02/-24.70
328 -25.65/-25.32
Table3  Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of phenol onto BDP-Bt (1.0CEC) and BDHP-Bt (1.0CEC)
Fig.6  Equilibrium adsorption isotherms of phenol onto BDP-Bt (1.0CEC) and BDHP-Bt (1.0CEC) (Adsorbent mass=0.10 g, pH=10, V=50 mL, t=25 °C)
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