核/壳结构FeSiBCuNbZr@SiO2 非晶复合材料的制备及其微波吸收性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.269

材料研究学报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (4): 254-262 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.269

研究论文

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核/壳结构FeSiBCuNbZr@SiO₂ 非晶复合材料的制备及其微波吸收性能

黄实哈¹, 董星龙¹(

), 裴雷振¹, 张兴国¹^,²

^1.大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院大连 116024
^2.大连理工大学宁波研究院宁波 315016

Preparation and Microwave Absorption Properties of Core/Shell Structured FeSiBCuNbZr@SiO₂ Amorphous Composites

HUANG Shiha¹, DONG Xinglong¹(

), PEI Leizhen¹, ZHANG Xingguo¹^,²

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
^2.Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China

引用本文:

黄实哈, 董星龙, 裴雷振, 张兴国. 核/壳结构FeSiBCuNbZr@SiO₂ 非晶复合材料的制备及其微波吸收性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(4): 254-262.
Shiha HUANG, Xinglong DONG, Leizhen PEI, Xingguo ZHANG. Preparation and Microwave Absorption Properties of Core/Shell Structured FeSiBCuNbZr@SiO₂ Amorphous Composites[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(4): 254-262.

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摘要:

用单辊甩带法、机械球磨法和溶胶凝胶法制备FeSiBCuNbZr@SiO₂非晶复合粉末，使用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和矢量网络分析仪等手段表征其组织形貌、结构以及电磁特性，研究了SiO₂介电层的匹配厚度对其吸波性能的影响。结果表明，FeSiBCuNbZr非晶粉末与正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)水解缩聚生成的SiO₂介电层的非晶复合粉末，在频率为11.2 GHz、匹配厚度为2.18 mm条件下的最佳反射损耗为-58.19 dB。匹配厚度减小到1.85 mm最大吸收带宽为7.7 GHz。优异的吸波性能源于铁基非晶磁芯的磁损耗和SiO₂壳层的介电损耗的协同作用优化了阻抗匹配。

关键词 ：复合材料, 吸波材料, 溶胶凝胶法, 核壳结构, 非晶粉末, SiO₂壳

Abstract：

FeSiBCuNbZr@SiO₂ amorphous composite was prepared by single roller melt-spinning, mechanical ball milling and sol-gel method. The microstructure, phase composition, morphology, and electromagnetic properties of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and vector network analysis. The influence of the matching thickness of SiO₂ dielectric layer on the wave absorption performance of FeSiBCuNbZr amorphous composite powder was studied. The results indicate that the optimal reflection loss of the amorphous composite powder, obtained from FeSiBCuNbZr amorphous powder and the SiO₂ dielectric layer generated by the hydrolysis and polycondensation of 5 mL tetraethyl orthosilicate is -58.19 dB at 11.2 GHz with a matching thickness of 2.18 mm. When the matching thickness is reduced to 1.85 mm, the maximum effective absorption bandwidth reaches 7.7 GHz. The excellent microwave absorption properties may be attributed to the synergistic effect between the magnetic loss from the Fe-based amorphous core and the dielectric loss from the SiO₂ shell, which collectively optimize the impedance matching.

Key words： composites microwave absorbing materials sol-gel method core-shell structure amorphous powder SiO₂ shell layer

收稿日期: 2025-09-04

ZTFLH:

TB332

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51331006)

通讯作者: 董星龙，教授，dongxl@dlut.edu.cn，研究方向为金属纳米颗粒,纳米复合电磁功能材料;

Corresponding author: DONG Xinglong, Tel: (0411)84706130, E-mail: dongxl@dlut.edu.cn

作者简介: 黄实哈，男，1995年生，博士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.269 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2026/V40/I4/254

图1 化学包覆前后FeSiBCuNbZr非晶粉末的XRD谱

图2 化学包覆前后FeSiBCuNbZr非晶粉末的FTIR谱

图3 不同浓度的TEOS水解制备的SiO2包覆FeSiBCuNbZr复合粉末的X射线电子能谱

图4 不同浓度的TEOS水解制备的FeSiBCuNbZr@SiO2复合粉末的SEM和TEM照片

图5 S0、S1、S2和S3样品的二维和三维反射损耗曲线

表1 关于磁性金属@SiO2复合材料的吸波性能的文献

图6 S0、S1、S2和S3样品介电常数的实部ε′，虚部ε″和介电损耗正切tanδε，以及复磁导率的实部μ′，虚部μ″和磁损耗的正切tanδμ

图7 S0、S1、S2和S3样品的Cole-Cole半圆曲线

图8 S0、S1、S2和S3样品在2~18 GHz范围内C0值

图9 S0、S1、S2和S3样品的阻抗匹配率(Z)

图10 S0、S1、S2和S3样品在频率2~18 GHz范围的衰减常数(α)

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