The tensile-compressive properties of syntactic foams of fly ash cenospheres/epoxy resin were measured by universal testing machine, and the fracture surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of the content, particle size and gradation ratio of fly ash cenospheres on the tensile-compressive properties of the syntactic foam was investigated. The results show that the tensile strength and compressive strength of the syntactic foam increases first and then decreases with the increase of cenospheres content. The compressive strength of the syntactic foams reaches a maximum when the content of cenospheres is 15phr, while the tensile strength and compressive strength increase by 9.15% and 6.86% compared with pure epoxy resin respectively. For the same filling amount, the smaller the particle size of the cenospheres, the higher the tensile strength and compressive strength of the syntactic foam. The tensile strength and compressive strength of the syntactic foam filled with small size cenospheres (20 μm) increase 158.41% and 19.96% respectively over that of the syntactic foam filled with large size cenospheres (250 μm). The tensile strength and compressive strength of the syntactic foam filled with cenospheres of different grading ratios is mainly affected by the content of small size cenospheres. The more the content of small size cenospheres, the higher the tensile strength and compressive strength of the syntactic foam.