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材料研究学报  2015, Vol. 29 Issue (9): 693-700    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2014.541
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铜钢异质复合材料连接特性的分析
侯林涛,陈文革,刘盈斌,罗启文
西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院 西安 710048
Analyses on Connection Characteristics of Composites of Steel-Copper
Lintao CHEN Wenge HOU(),Yingbin LIU,Qiwen LUO
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048 China
引用本文:

侯林涛,陈文革,刘盈斌,罗启文. 铜钢异质复合材料连接特性的分析[J]. 材料研究学报, 2015, 29(9): 693-700.
Lintao CHEN Wenge HOU, Yingbin LIU, Qiwen LUO, . Analyses on Connection Characteristics of Composites of Steel-Copper[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2015, 29(9): 693-700.

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摘要: 

用真空熔铸法制备45/T2、304/T2复合材料, 用金相观察、扫描电镜及能谱分析、X射线衍射、力学性能测试等手段研究了钢铜复合界面的结合强度、显微组织、显微硬度、界相区的成分变化等。结果表明:钢铜基体中的Fe、Cr、Cu等合金元素在界面发生了相互扩散, 形成了新的铁碳化合物(CFe15.1)和固溶体Cu0.81Ni0.19、Cr-Ni-Fe-C 相。在界面上有齿状的过渡带, 未出现明显的金属间化合物, 其显微硬度最大值为183/119 HV, 宽度约为60-70 μm。钢铜复合材料的抗拉、抗剪强度分别278/263 MPa、217/201 MPa, 拉伸断口均出现在T2铜侧, 远离界面扩散区域;界面结合机制均为扩散冶金结合, 强度高于纯铜的抗拉/抗剪强度;在(1150±50℃、4.0×10-2 Pa)条件下, 与Cr、Ni等合金元素相比, Fe在Cu液中的扩散能力最强, 而Cu对改善304/45钢的基体稳定性和强度也有重要的作用。

关键词 复合材料45钢304不锈钢T2铜真空熔铸界面分析    
Abstract

Composites 45 steel/T2 copper and 304 Stainless steel/T2 copper were prepared by high-temperature vacuum casting. The interface bonding strength, microstructure, microhardness and composition change of the phase boundary zone of the composites were investigated by SEM observation, EDS analysis, XRD and mechanical property test. The results show that interdiffusion occurred of alloy elements Fe, Cr and Cu of the two substrates resulting in formation of phases such as a new iron carbon compounds (CFe15.1) and solid solution Cu0.81 Ni0.19, and Cr-Ni-Fe-C, there existed a dentate interdiffusion layer of about 60 to 70 microns without obvious intermetallics in the transition zone and its microhardness is about 183 and 119HV for 45-T2 and 304-T2 respectively; tensile/shear strength of the composite are 278/263MPa and 217/201 MPa respectively for 45/T2 and 304/T2; break occurs in the copper side with typical ductile fracture characteristics. Cu element plays an important role in improvement of the stability and strength of the substrates 304 stainless steel and 45steel.

Key wordscomposites    45 steel    304 Stainless    T2 copper    vacuum casting    interface analysis
收稿日期: 2014-09-26     
基金资助:* 西安市科技攻关CXY1342(2)资助项目。
Material Cu Zn Pb Mn Cr Fe Si C Ni Sb
T2 copper 99.9 0.005 0.005 - - 0.005 - - - 0.002
45steel <0.25 - - 0.5-0.8 <0.25 bal. <0.37 0.42-0.45 ≤0.3 -
304 - - - ≤2.0 18-20 - ≤1.0 ≤0.07 - -
表1  T2铜、45钢、304不锈钢的化学成分
图1  熔铸和拉伸试样图
图2  45钢-T2复合材料界面腐蚀前和腐蚀后的显微组织
图3  304-T2复合材料腐蚀前后的显微组织
图4  304-T2/45钢-T2界面显微组织和元素的EDS谱线图
图5  45-T2铜和304-T2复合材料断口处的XRD图谱
图6  钢铜在拉伸和剪切应力状态下的应力-应变曲线
图7  45-T2铜和304-T2复合材料界面处的显微硬度形貌图
图8  钢铜复合材料界面处的显微硬度分布曲线
图9  铜钢复合材料剪切断口的SEM形貌 (a) (b) 45-T2铜 (c) (d) 304-T2铜
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