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Chinese Journal of Materials Research  2014, Vol. 28 Issue (6): 476-480    DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2013.764
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Influence of Solidification Rate on Pore Structure of Lotus-type Porous Metals
Yugeng LI,Qinglin JIN(),Tianwu YANG,Zaijiu LI
School of Material Science and Engineering Kunming University of Sciences and Technology, Kunming 650000
Cite this article: 

Yugeng LI,Qinglin JIN,Tianwu YANG,Zaijiu LI. Influence of Solidification Rate on Pore Structure of Lotus-type Porous Metals. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2014, 28(6): 476-480.

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Abstract  

Lotus-type porous Cu, Mg and Ni were fabricated by a mould casting technique in hydrogen gas atmosphere. The effect of solidification rate on the structure of the lotus type porous metals was comparatively investigated by theoretical calculation and experiments. The results show that the increase of bubble radius results in an increase of bubble rising velocity for Cu, Mg and Ni. A suitable ordered porous structure can be obtained only when the maximum solidification rate is in the range of bubble rising velocity.
Key words:  metallic materials      Gasar      lotus-type metals      unidirectional solidification      solidification rate      pore structure     
Received:  16 October 2013     
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Yugeng LI
Qinglin JIN
Tianwu YANG
Zaijiu LI

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2013.764     OR     https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2014/V28/I6/476

Fig.1  Gas escape from melt at unidirectional solidification
Fig.2  A schematic diagram for ideal lotus type porous structure
Physical quantity Symbol (unit) Cu Mg Ni
Melting point Tm(K) 1356 922 1756
Cooling temperature T0(K) 298 373 298
Interfacial energy slg[16](J/m2) 1.31 0.57 1.75
Solute distribution constant k 0.35[17] 0.69[17] 0.41[18]
Diffusion coefficient D H [19] (mm2/s) D H C u =0.512exp (-24600/RTm) D H M g =0.87exp (-29820/RTm) D H N i =0.77exp (-7436/RTm)
Viscosity η[20] (mPas) 4.0 1.25 4.5
Table 1  Parameters of material for calculation
Fig.3  Schematic illustration of the fabrication apparatus for ordered porous metals (1-Inlet and outlet of cooling water, 2-Copper chiller, 3-Crucible, 4-Funnel, 5-Chamber, 6-Induction-heating coils, 7-Molten material, 8-Control bar, 9-Observation window, 10-Pressure gage, 11-Inlet and outlet of gases)
Sample No. Material porosity ε(%) Sample height S(m)
1 Cu 53.6 0.18
2 Mg 44 0.14
3 Ni 10 0.5
Table 2  Experimental results
Fig.4  Cross section (a-c) and vertical section (d-f) of Cu (a, d) Mg (b, e) and Ni (c, f)
Fig.5  Results of the bubble rising velocity against the bubble diameter calculated by the Stokes′law and metal solidification rate maximum of Cu Mg and Ni
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