Effect of Gravity on Dendrite Growth and Microsegregation of Ni-based Single Crystal Superalloy

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2022.451

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (10): 770-780 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2022.451

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Effect of Gravity on Dendrite Growth and Microsegregation of Ni-based Single Crystal Superalloy

KONG Yafei¹^,², LUO Xinghong¹^,²(

), LI Yang¹, LIU Shi¹^,²

^1.Shi -Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

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KONG Yafei, LUO Xinghong, LI Yang, LIU Shi. Effect of Gravity on Dendrite Growth and Microsegregation of Ni-based Single Crystal Superalloy. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2023, 37(10): 770-780.

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Abstract

The solidification behavior of a Ni-based Ni-Cr-Al-W-Ta single crystal superalloy in normal gravity (1g) and microgravity (μg) conditions were comparatively investigated by using a 50 metre-high drop tube. The solidification microstructure of the alloy was observed using optical metalloscopy (OM), and the primary and secondary dendrite spacing of the samples were measured and counted by using an image analysis software. Scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS) was used to determine the chemical compositions of dendrite trunk and interdendrite at different locations, and then the microsegregation coefficient was calculated. The results show that the dendrite characteristics and microsegregation are significantly different in 1g and μg conditions respectively. The primary and secondary dendrite spacing tested in 1g sample are larger than those in μg sample, and the difference of primary dendrite spacing between 1g and μg sample gradually increases with the increase of solidification distance, while the difference of secondary dendrite spacing does not change much. With the process of solidification, the contents of Ta, Cr and Al between dendrites tested in μg sample show a trend of increasing obviously at first and then decreasing slightly, while the W content has a trend of decreasing gradually, and the interdendritic liquid phase density shows a trend of decreasing slightly. The distribution of the Ta, Cr and Al content between dendrites tested in 1g sample are basically similar to those in μg sample, while the distribution of W is significantly different, showing an upward trend in most solidification stages, resulting in the increase of the interdendritic liquid phase density just along the opposite direction of gravity. These results indicate that the convection effect caused by the solute density difference at the front of solidification interface was weak in normal gravity condition, which was not the main reason for the increase of dendrite spacing. It is believed that the main reason should be related to the reduction of temperature gradient caused by thermal convection at the front of solidification interface.

Key words: metallic materials Ni-based single crystal superalloy dendrite growth microsegregation microgravity solidification

Received: 22 August 2022

ZTFLH:

TG132.32

Fund: Space Application System of China Manned Space Program

Corresponding Authors: LUO Xinghong, Tel: 13940023803, E-mail: xhluo@imr.ac.cn

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2022.451 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2023/V37/I10/770

Table 1 Chemical compositions of the alloy (mass fraction, %)

Table 2 Parameters of solidification experiments under normal gravity and microgravity

Fig.1 Temperature-time curves of 1g sample and μg sample

Fig.2 Longitudinal and transverse section microstructure of (a) 1g sample, (b) μg sample

Fig.3 Morphology of dendrites on transverse sections of (a, c, e) 1g sample and (b, d, f) μg sample; location distance away from the melting interface (a, b) 1 mm, (c, d) 3 mm, (e, f) 5 mm

Fig.4 Secondary dendrite arms on longitudinal sections of (a, c, e) 1g sample and (b, d, f) μg sample; location distance away from the melting interface (a, b) 1 mm, (c, d) 3 mm, (e, f) 5 mm

Fig.5 Dendrite growth characteristics at different locations of 1g and μg sample (a) primary dendrite spacing, (b) secondary dendrite spacing

Fig.6 Element distribution mappings of the epitaxial growth regions in (a) 1g sample, (b) μg sample

Table 3 Compositions of dendrite trunk and interdendritic area in 1g and μg samples

Fig.7 Distributions of elements in final solidification liquid phase along the growth direction on the axis (a) Al element, (b) Cr element, (c) Ta element and (d) W element

Fig.8 Microsegregation coefficient of elements along axial direction in 1g and μg sample (a) Al element，(b) Cr element，(c) Ta element and (d) W element

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of convection in the alloy melt and interdendritic liquid phase

Fig.10 Relationship between primary dendrite spacing and dendrite growth velocity

Fig.11 Density variation of final solidification liquid phase along the growth direction

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