Effect of Nucleation and Growth of Pores, and Solidification Mode on Pore Structure and Distribution of Lotus-type Porous Cu

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2016.431

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2017, Vol. 31

Issue (9): 641-649 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2016.431

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Effect of Nucleation and Growth of Pores, and Solidification Mode on Pore Structure and Distribution of Lotus-type Porous Cu

Fei LI¹, Zaijiu LI^2,³(

), Juanjuan TIAN³, Ming XIE³, Shaowu ZHU³, Jialin CHEN³

1 City College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650051, China
2 Aviation College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming 650106, China

Cite this article:

Fei LI, Zaijiu LI, Juanjuan TIAN, Ming XIE, Shaowu ZHU, Jialin CHEN. Effect of Nucleation and Growth of Pores, and Solidification Mode on Pore Structure and Distribution of Lotus-type Porous Cu. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2017, 31(9): 641-649.

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Abstract

The effect of pore nucleation,pore growth and solidification mode of matrix on pore structure and distribution of lotus-type porous Cu were investigated. It is difficult to obtain an ordered pore structure when the matrix is a region of columnar transition. An ordered pore structure could be obtained only when the matrix transforms to columnar grains with increase of pore length and circularity. The pore distribution moved from the grain boundaries to the interior of grain with increasing gas pressure. The average pore diameter decreased and the pore density increased due to decrease of activation energy and increased rate of nucleus formation. Due to slight depressions at grain boundaries regions at the solid/liquid interface, the pore nucleation is favored at grain boundaries and thus the average pore diameter in the grain boundaries is larger than that of in the grains.

Key words: metallic materials Gasar lotus-type porous Cu solidification model pore nucleation pore growth

Received: 22 July 2016

ZTFLH:

TG146

Fund: Supported by the Fund of the Collaborative Innovation Centre of Rare and Precious Metals Advanced Materials (No.2014XT03) and the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals (No.SKL-SPM-201545)

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	Fei LI
	Zaijiu LI
	Juanjuan TIAN
	Ming XIE
	Shaowu ZHU
	Jialin CHEN

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2016.431 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2017/V31/I9/641

Fig.1 A schematic of the fabrication apparatus for lotus-type porous copper

Table 1 Gasar processing parameters and corresponding porosity and pore diameter of the samples

Fig.2 Optical micrographs on the cross section (a) and the longitudinal section (b) of lotus-type porous copper

Fig.3 Effect of solidification model on pore structure of sample 2H0Ar

Fig.4 Effect of gas pressures P on pore number density n of lotus-type porous Cu

Fig.5 Effect of gas pressures P on pore structure and distribution of lotus-type porous Cu

Fig.6 Schematic drawing of pore nucleation mode in molten metal: homogeneous (a) and heterogeneous (b) (c) nucleation

The model of bubble nucleation		The radius of critical nucleus	The activation energy and the shape factor
Homogeneous bubble nucleation		$r n = 2 σ L - G 3 (P H 2 + P Ar)$	$Δ G n = 19 ? Δ G i (r n)$
Heterogeneous bubble nucleation	Planar interfaces	$r' n = 2 σ L - G 3 (P H 2 + P Ar)$	$Δ G n' = 19 ? Δ G i (r' n) ? f (θ)$ $f (θ) = (2 + cosθ) (1 - cosθ) 2 4$
Heterogeneous bubble nucleation	Pits or cracks	$r'' n = 2 σ L - G 3 (P H 2 + P Ar)$	$Δ G n'' = ΔG'' ? f (θ) = 19 ? Δ G i (r'' n) ? f (θ ， γ)$ $f (θ, γ) = 1 - sin (θ + γ 2) 4 sin (γ 2) ? 2 sin (γ 2) - cosθ 1 + sin (θ + γ 2)$

Table 2 Radius of critical nucleus, the activation energy and the shape factor for the models of bubble nucleation

Fig.7 Calculated results of f(θ), f(θ,γ) (a) and ΔG (b) under different nucleation models

Table 3 Parameters of pore nucleation for calculation

Fig.8 Solid/liquid interface morphology and the nucleation of pores

Fig.9 Effect of P_H2, P_Ar and ΔT on growth of pores of lotus-type porous Cu

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