Oxidation Behavior of 18CrNb Ferritic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2015.694

Chinese Journal of Materials Research

2016, Vol. 30

Issue (4): 263-268 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2015.694

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Oxidation Behavior of 18CrNb Ferritic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures

LI Xin^1,², LIU Houlong¹, BI Hongyun², CHEN Liqing^1,^**(

)

1. State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Development and Application Technology of Automotive Steels, Baosteel Group, Shanghai 201900, China

Cite this article:

LI Xin, LIU Houlong, BI Hongyun, CHEN Liqing. Oxidation Behavior of 18CrNb Ferritic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2016, 30(4): 263-268.

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Abstract

18CrNb is a kind of ferritic stainless steel and widely used as parts at the hot end of automobile exhaust system due to its good formability, high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. In this paper, the oxidation of 18CrNb steel in a temperature ranging from 700℃ to 1000℃ was studied through continuous oxidation behavior test. The oxide scale was then characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS, while the oxidation dynamic curve of this steel was plotted based on the weight-gain data after oxidation. The results indicate that 18CrNb steel has excellent oxidation resistance at temperatures lower than 900℃ due to the formation of continuous and dense Cr-rich oxide scale. When the temperature rises up to 950℃, the oxide scale turn to be complex, of which the outer portion composed of Cr-rich Cr-Mn oxide, Mn-rich Mn-Cr oxide, Fe oxide and pure iron oxide; the inner portion composed of Fe-rich Fe/Cr oxide; thereby the scale became loose leading to breakaway oxidation. According to the results of this work, 18CrNb is not suitable for application at temperatures above 950℃.

Key words: metallic materials 18CrNb ferritic stainless steel oxidation resistance breakaway oxidation

Received: 03 December 2015

ZTFLH:

TG142

Fund: Supported by the Research Fund from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality No.15XD1520100

About author: To whom correspondence should be addressed, Tel: (024) 83681819, E-mail: lqchen@mail.neu.edu.cn

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https://www.cjmr.org/EN/10.11901/1005.3093.2015.694 OR https://www.cjmr.org/EN/Y2016/V30/I4/263

Table 1 Chemical Composition of 18CrNb ferritic stainless steel (%, mass fraction)

Fig.1 Oxidation kinetic curves of ferritic stainless steel 18CrNb oxidized at different temperatures, (a) 700-900℃, (b) 950-1000℃

Table 2 Values of k_p, n, and Q of stainless steel 18CrNb at different temperatures

Fig.2 XRD spectra of oxidation products on the stainless steel 18CrNb oxidized at different temperatures

Fig.3 SEM images of the cross section and surface (inset) of oxide layers in 18CrNb stainless steel oxidized at 700℃ (a), 800℃ (b), 900℃ (c) and EDS analysis of nodular oxide in Fig.3c (inset) (d)

Fig.4 Cross-sectional morphologies of the oxide layers in 18CrNb oxidized at different temperatures (a, b) 950℃, cross-section and oxide nearby the substrate; (c, d) 1000℃, cross-section and oxide nearby the substrate

Fig.5 SEM image (a) and EDS analysis (b) of the tuberculate oxide in 18CrNb stainless steel oxidized at 1000℃ for 100 h

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