核壳结构<strong>Ni-TiN@CN</strong>纳米复合材料的吸波性能

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.174

材料研究学报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (5): 372-384 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.174

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

核壳结构Ni-TiN@CN纳米复合材料的吸波性能

李倩¹^,², 史桂梅²(

)

^1.沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110870
^2.沈阳工业大学理学院沈阳 110870

Tunable Microwave Absorption Properties of Core-shell Structured Ni-TiN@CN Nanocomposites

LI Qian¹^,², SHI Guimei²(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
^2.School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China

引用本文:

李倩, 史桂梅. 核壳结构Ni-TiN@CN纳米复合材料的吸波性能[J]. 材料研究学报, 2026, 40(5): 372-384.
Qian LI, Guimei SHI. Tunable Microwave Absorption Properties of Core-shell Structured Ni-TiN@CN Nanocomposites[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2026, 40(5): 372-384.

全文: PDF(14971 KB) HTML

摘要:

用直流电弧等离子体法和多巴胺原位自聚合热解法制备核壳结构Ni-TiN@CN纳米复合材料并用X射线衍射谱、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和矢量网络分析等手段表征其物相组成、微观结构和电磁吸收特性，研究了磁性金属Ni的含量对其吸波性能的影响及其机理。结果表明，Ni-Ti金属质量比为3∶7的这种复合材料其吸波性能优异，在6.78 GHz频率的反射损耗(-48.97 dB)最佳，低于-20 dB的综合吸波频带宽度为5 GHz。磁性元素Ni的引入产生了磁损耗，异质结构内部的多重缺陷产生了缺陷偶极子极化和电导损耗。Ni的加入构建了多重异质界面，产生了丰富的界面极化效应，实现了Ni-TiN@CN纳米复合材料中介电损耗和磁损耗的调控和协同作用，提高了衰减系数和阻抗匹配效果，使其吸波性能显著提高。

关键词 ：复合材料, 核壳结构, 磁性元素, Ni-TiN@CN, 吸波性能

Abstract：

The Ni-TiN@CN nanocomposites with multi-heterostructures were successfully synthesized via an integrated procedure involving DC arc-discharge plasma processing, dopamine (DA) self-polymerization, and controlled heat treatment. The influence of varying amounts of magnetic Ni addition on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance was systematically investigated. The phase composition, microstructure and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the nanocomposites were comprehensively characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and vector network analyzer, respectively. The results showed that the prepared Ni-TiN@CN with a Ni: Ti mass ratio of 3:7 exhibited exceptional microwave absorbing capability, achieving optimal reflection loss of -48.97 dB at 6.78 GHz, along with a broad effective absorption bandwidth (≤ -20 dB) spanning 5 GHz. The incorporation of magnetic Ni particles introduced magnetic loss mechanisms, while the multiple intrinsic defects within the heterogeneous structure synergistically generated defect dipole polarization and conductive loss. Notably, the strategic addition of Ni facilitates the construction of heterogeneous interfaces, achieving enhanced interface polarization effect. This work demonstrated successful dual regulation of dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms in the nanocomposites through structural engineering strategies, achieving exceptional synergy between electromagnetic attenuation enhancement and impedance matching optimization, significantly improved the overall microwave absorption performance of the nanocomposites.

Key words： composites core-shell structure magnetic element Ni-TiN@CN microwave absorption properties

收稿日期: 2025-05-16

ZTFLH:

TB332

基金资助:辽宁省教育厅基础科研项目(LJ212411035012)

通讯作者: 史桂梅，教授，gmshi@sut.edu.cn，研究方向为纳米吸波材料，纳米光电催化剂

Corresponding author: SHI Guimei, Tel: (024)25496502, E-mail: gmshi@sut.edu.cn

作者简介: 李倩，女，1983年生，博士

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.174 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2026/V40/I5/372

图1 Ni-TiN@CN纳米复合材料的制备流程

图2 TCN、NTCN-1、NTCN-2、NTCN-3和NTCN-4纳米复合材料的XRD谱和Raman光谱

图3 TCN和NTCN-3纳米复合材料的X射线光电子能谱

图4 纳米复合材料的SEM照片

图5 样品的TEM和HRTEM照片

图6 纳米复合材料的复介电常数与频率的关系

图7 纳米复合材料的磁导率与频率的关系

图8 纳米复合材料的反射损耗曲线

图9 纳米复合材料的Cole-Cole半圆

图10 纳米复合材料的C0曲线和衰减系数

图11 纳米复合材料的阻抗匹配

图12 NTCN-3的最小反射损耗对应的频率位点与λ/4曲线的关系

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