δ-铁素体含量对高SiN奥氏体不锈钢焊缝性能的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2024.462

材料研究学报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (9): 641-649 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2024.462

研究论文

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δ-铁素体含量对高SiN奥氏体不锈钢焊缝性能的影响

杨景清¹^,², 董文超²^,³(

), 陆善平²(

)

^1.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016
^2.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳 110016
^3.中国科学院核用材料与安全评价重点实验室沈阳 110016

Effect of δ-ferrite Content on Resistance to Cracking and Nitric Acid Corrosion of Weld Joints for High SiN Austenitic Stainless Steel

YANG Jingqing¹^,², DONG Wenchao²^,³(

), LU Shanping²(

)

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

杨景清, 董文超, 陆善平. δ-铁素体含量对高SiN奥氏体不锈钢焊缝性能的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2025, 39(9): 641-649.
Jingqing YANG, Wenchao DONG, Shanping LU. Effect of δ-ferrite Content on Resistance to Cracking and Nitric Acid Corrosion of Weld Joints for High SiN Austenitic Stainless Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(9): 641-649.

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摘要:

调控Cr和Ni当量控制高SiN奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属中的δ-铁素体含量，并使用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)等手段对其表征，研究了δ-铁素体含量对焊缝的抗裂性能和耐硝酸腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明，δ-铁素体含量的提高使焊缝金属的热裂纹敏感性降低，富含Cr元素的δ-铁素体与奥氏体基体产生的电化学腐蚀使δ-铁素体优先腐蚀。随着δ-铁素体含量的提高，熔敷金属的腐蚀速率随之提高。含量过高的δ-铁素体在焊缝中的柱状晶内形成网状结构，产生腐蚀蔓延而导致腐蚀后期的腐蚀速率稍有提高。

关键词 ：金属材料, 高SiN不锈钢焊缝金属, 抗裂性能, 耐硝酸腐蚀, δ-铁素体

Abstract：

The effect of the variation of δ-ferrite content of weld seams on the resistance to hot cracking and corrosion in HNO₃ solution of weld joints for a high SiN stainless steel was studied, while weld joints were made with five types of welding wires with different contents of δ-ferrite as filler so that to adjust the Cr and Ni equivalent for the weld seams. Which were then characterized by means of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) in terms of the influence of δ-ferrite on properties of the weld seams. The results demonstrated that the significant increase in the content of δ-ferrite could reduce the cracking sensitivity of the weld metal. However, if δ-ferrite rich in Cr to certain extent, the possibly existed galvanic effect between which and the austenitic matrix may lead to preferential corrosion of δ-ferrite. As the δ-ferrite content continued to increase, the corrosion rate of the weld seams accelerated. Notably, when the δ-ferrite content exceeded a critical threshold, the δ-ferrite began to form an interconnected network within the columnar dendrite. This morphological transformation resulted in a phenomenon of corrosive spreading, where the corrosion front propagated rapidly across the material. Consequently, the corrosion rate exhibited a slight increase during the latter stages of the process.

Key words： metallic materials high SiN stainless steel weld metal crack resistance nitric acid corrosion resistance δ-ferrite

收稿日期: 2024-11-22

ZTFLH:

TG422.3

基金资助:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA0410203)

通讯作者: 董文超，正高级工程师，wcdong@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为焊接结构力学；
陆善平，研究员，shplu@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为焊接材料与焊接工艺

Corresponding author: DONG Wenchao, Tel: (024)23971429, E-mail: wcdong@imr.ac.cn;
LU Shanping, Tel: (024)23971429, E-mail: shplu@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 杨景清，男，2000年生，硕士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2024.462 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2025/V39/I9/641

表1 焊丝的化学成分

图1 焊缝熔敷金属试样坡口的形式及其尺寸示意图(单位：mm)

表2 δ-铁素体含量不同的焊缝熔敷金属的化学成分

图2 压板对接(FISCO)实验装置

图3 压板对接(FISCO)钢板和焊缝尺寸以及焊缝裂纹长度的计算[15]

图4 腐蚀试样的取样位置及其尺寸示意图

图5 FISCO实验后焊板表面的宏观形貌

图6 1δ和7δ试样焊缝纵截面的宏观形貌

表3 FISCO实验后焊缝金属的裂纹长度、焊缝长度和裂纹率

图7 不同δ-铁素体含量的熔敷金属的微观组织

图8 不同熔敷金属的腐蚀速率及其与时间的关系

图9 不同δ-铁素体含量的焊缝金属腐蚀10 d和30 d后的表面形貌

图10 腐蚀坑处的高倍微观形貌

图11 腐蚀试样的纵截面形貌

表4 不同δ-铁素体含量的熔敷金属中铁素体和奥氏体的占比以及元素成分

图12 8δ和10δ试样腐蚀不同时间后纵截面的金相照片

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