等温淬火温度对贝<strong>/</strong>马复相<strong>42CrMo</strong>钢组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.11901/1005.3093.2025.031

材料研究学报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (11): 837-844 DOI: 10.11901/1005.3093.2025.031

研究论文

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等温淬火温度对贝/马复相42CrMo钢组织和力学性能的影响

江腾¹^,², 李星²(

), 刘汉强², 崔珊¹, 刘宏亮³, 刘军³, 栾义坤², 姜周华¹

^1.东北大学冶金学院沈阳 110819
^2.中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016
^3.本钢集团有限公司技术中心本溪 117000

Effect of Isothermal Quenching Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bainite/Martensite Multi-phase 42CrMo Steel

JIANG Teng¹^,², LI Xing²(

), LIU Hanqiang², CUI Shan¹, LIU Hongliang³, LIU Jun³, LUAN Yikun², JIANG Zhouhua¹

^1.School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
^2.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.Benxi Iron and Steel Group Co. , Ltd. Technical Center, Benxi 117000, China

引用本文:

江腾, 李星, 刘汉强, 崔珊, 刘宏亮, 刘军, 栾义坤, 姜周华. 等温淬火温度对贝/马复相42CrMo钢组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2025, 39(11): 837-844.
Teng JIANG, Xing LI, Hanqiang LIU, Shan CUI, Hongliang LIU, Jun LIU, Yikun LUAN, Zhouhua JIANG. Effect of Isothermal Quenching Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bainite/Martensite Multi-phase 42CrMo Steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2025, 39(11): 837-844.

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摘要:

使用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热膨胀仪等手段表征贝/马复相42CrMo钢并测试其力学性能，研究了在低于M_s点的不同温度等温淬火对42CrMo钢贝/马复相的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，在250 ℃、280 ℃和310 ℃等温淬火后42CrMo钢的显微组织均由贝氏体和马氏体复相组成。随着等温淬火温度的提高贝氏体相变速率随之提高，其体积分数从18%提高到63%，冲击断口由脆性解理断裂向混合式断裂转变，冲击韧性显著提高。250#和280#的贝/马复相组织的尺寸较小，而310#的贝氏体和马氏体板条都发生粗化，抗拉强度降低。280#总晶界的长度分别为250#和310#的1.65倍和2.43倍。晶界密度的显著提高使280#的屈服强度最高。在280 ℃等温淬火保温1.5 h后，42CrMo钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达到1399 MPa和1708 MPa，延伸率和冲击吸收功分别为12.3%和51.6 J。与310#和250#相比，280#的综合力学性能更优。

关键词 ：金属材料, 等温淬火, 微观组织, 力学性能, 贝氏体

Abstract：

The effect of isothermal quenching temperatures below M_s point on the microstructure and mechanical properties of bainite/martensite multi-phase 42CrMo steel was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal expansion analyzer and mechanical property tester. The results show that the microstructure of 42CrMo steel is composed of bainite and martensite phase after isothermal quenching at 250 ^oC, 280 ^oC and 310 ^oC, correspondingly, the quenched 42CrMo steels were named as 250#, 280# and 310# steel respectively. With the increasing isothermal quenching temperature, the phase transformation rate of bainite is enhanced, and bainite volume fraction increases from 18% to 63%. The mode of impact fracture transforms from brittle cleavage fracture to mixed fracture, while the impact toughness is significantly improved. The bainite/martensite multi-phase microstructure of 250# and 280# steels is fine. However, bainite and martensite laths of 310# coarsens, and large-sized martensite block appears, so that its tensile strength decreases. The total grain boundary length of 280# is 1.65 times that of 250#, and 2.43 times that of 310# respectively. The significantly increased grain boundary density makes 280# possess the highest yield strength. After being isothermally hold at 280 ^oC for 1.5 h then quenched, the yield strength and tensile strength of 42CrMo steel reach 1399 MPa and 1708 MPa, respectively, and the elongation and impact absorption energy are 12.3% and 51.6 J, respectively. Compared with 310# and 250#, the 280# steel has better overall mechanical properties.

Key words： metallic materials isothermal quenching microstructure mechanical properties bainite

收稿日期: 2025-01-16

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52404354)

通讯作者: 李星，xingli@imr.ac.cn，研究方向为特殊钢组织和性能调控

Corresponding author: LI Xing, Tel: 13840529408, E-mail: xingli@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 江腾，男，2000年生，硕士生

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https://www.cjmr.org/CN/10.11901/1005.3093.2025.031 或 https://www.cjmr.org/CN/Y2025/V39/I11/837

表1 42CrMo钢的化学成分

图1 42CrMo的相变膨胀曲线

图2 等温淬火热处理制度

图3 不同温度等温淬火后试验钢的微观组织

图4 不同温度等温淬火后试验钢的EBSD图像

表2 不同温度等温淬火后样品的板条尺寸

图5 不同温度等温淬火后试验钢的XRD谱和相体积分数

图6 不同温度等温淬火后试验钢的热膨胀曲线

图7 不同温度等温淬火后试验钢的膨胀量-时间曲线

图8 不同温度等温淬火后试验钢的工程应力-应变曲线和U型缺口冲击吸收功

表3 不同温度等温淬火后试验钢的力学性能

图9 拉伸断口的宏观形貌

图10 冲击断口的形貌

图11 冲击断口处二次裂纹的EBSD图像

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