The importance and physical conception to achieve quantum dot solar cells are expounded, and the photovoltaic performances of two configuration quantum dot solar cells are described, such as p–i–n quantum dot solar cells and quantum dot–sensitized solar cells. The multiple exciton generation in various quantum dots based on impact ionization and their studied progress are reviewed. Finally, some technology strategy to design and fabricate quantum dot solar cells was proposed. It can be predicated that the achievement of the quantum dot solar cells with ultrahigh energy conversion efficiency, low fabricated cost and high stability shall create revolutionary influence for futural photovoltaic technology and industry.

Silicalite–1 coating on SiC foam ceramic was prepared by support self–transformation method using the residual silicon as silicon source. Silicalite–1/SiC foam composite with a specific surface area of 36 m²g⁻¹ and homogeneous coverage and good thermal mechanical stability and good heat shock stability was fabricated on the SiC foam supports with a residual silicon amount of 16.7%. The influences of residual silicon amount in the supports, synthesis time and composition of the synthesis solution on the loading and morphology of the zeolite layer were investigated. It is found that the residual silicon amount is the key parameter to zeolite crystallization. Zeolite nucleus can not form on the SiC foam ceramic supports with too low amount of residual silicon, but can form on the residual silicon first when the amount is too high, which will make the zeolite crystal detached from the support during the subsequent silicon dissolution. In addition, increasing the template concentration can promote zeolite nucleation and
reduce the size of zeolite crystals.

10% SiCp/Fe composites were fabricated by means of specimen current heating dynamic hot press sintering with iron powder with different sizes. The results demonstrate that the iron powder size has great influence on the distribution of SiC particulates in the composite, and therefore on the mechanical properties. A model, considering iron powder as the mixture of two sorts of particles with
different sizes, is suggested based on the results. The modeling shows that only the size ratios of coarse iron powder to fine powder, and to reinforcing particles are 6.5 and 15.9 respectively, and the content of fine powder is 4.6%, an even reinforcing particle distribution can be realized to produce good properties of composites. The modeling is agreed with experiments well.

A series of polyimide/talc (PI/talc) composite films with different contents of talc were prepared via thermal imidization of in-situ  polymerized poly(amic acid)/talc (PAA/talc) solutions based on pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA), 4,4 -oxydianiline (ODA) and talc. The results confirmed that PAA macromolecular chains were induced to form silk-like ordered structure, and as a result of either the elevated
imidization temperature or the increasing contents of talc, the texture become more and more obviously, yielding staggered network texture. The hydrogen bonding formed between the edges of talc and the active hydrogen of carboxyl groups and secondary amines in PAA macromolecular chains. The macromolecular chains could align orderly around the edge surfaces of talc and form the ordered structure due to the hydrogen bonding and the effect of internal stress.

Tensile properties of grain-oriented electrical steels up to 300 were investigated and the corresponding fractography characteristics were observed. It was found that the segregation of phosphor atoms on grain boundaries was decreased with increasing tensile temperature, which resulted in enhancing cleavage fractography with reducing intergranular fracture. The intergranular fracture disappeared at the temperature over 100, while the yield strength of the matrix became obviously lower than its cleavage strength, which led to reducing cleavage fractography with enhancing dimples fracture that prevailed at 190. The Cottrell atmosphere would be trailed by the moving dislocations during the tensile deformation between 100–160, which induced decreasing elongation and limited yield strength drop with increasing deformation temperature.

The investigations on the solution and aging treatment of Cu–15%Fe (mass fraction) alloy imposed by a high magnetic field show that, high magnetic field can promote spheroidization of the Fe dendrites in Cu matrix, and the spheroidization and coarsening caused by slow cooling at high temperature determine the morphology of Fe dendrites. High magnetic field can promote the precipitation of Fe in Cu matrix, which is similar to the effect of slow cooling. Further, the solubility of Fe in Cu matrix is minimum as the aging temperature is 500   under 10 T high magnetic field, which is because of the combined action of temperature profile and magnetic transformation of precipitations when imposed by high magnetic field. The theoretical analysis shows that the activation energy of atoms is changed by
imposition of high magnetic field, and therefore affects the diffusion behavior of atoms.

The mechanism of texture formation and evolution for 2014 aluminium alloy during an electric field aging was investigated by X-Ray ODF analysis. The results show that the main texture components of the samples aged under the electric field is unchangeably the {001} <210> component. In constrast, the main texture of the samples aged without an electric field change from {001} <210> (6 h and 8 h) to {001} <100> cube component (10 h) and then to {011} <100> (12 h) with the increase of the aging time. This is mainly due to the decrease of stored energy of the solid solution by the applied electric field, which accordingly restrains the recovery of the 2014 aluminum alloy.

High–energy ball milling and powder metallurgy process were applied to Al–Si powder to obtain Al–50Si composite. The microstructure and phases of the powder and alloy were investigated. And the density, hardness and TDC (thermal diffusivity coefficient) of the alloy were tested. The results show that Si particles were refined during high–energy ball milling process. The diameter of Si particles in the ball milled powder was between 1–15 μm. The diameter of Si particles in the consolidated alloy increased to 5–30 μm. The TDC of the alloy was 55 mm²·s⁻¹ at room temperature.

Using sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid as electrolyte respectively, TiO₂ coatings of different pore size and physical properties were prepared on titanium alloy matrix by potentiostatic anodic oxidation method. On the TiO₂ coating, nano–hydroxyapatite (nHA) grain coatings was prepared by electro–deposition under the external magnetic field. When the magnetic field was applied perpendicular
to the current density, rod–like nHA crystals with a length scale of about 200 nm and an average diameter of about 50 nm were obtained. But when the magnetic field was parallel to the electric field, the hydroxyapatite grain presented as granular grain was about 50–70 nm in diameter. It was found that the matching degree between nano–hydroxyapatite and TiO₂ coatings directly affected the bonding strength
between composite coatings and Ti alloy substrate. When the TiO₂ coating with a pore diameter of 100 nm was implaned by rod–like nHA crystals, the combination between the two layers was stronger.

A new type of catalyst consisting of a porous anodic oxidation membrane formed on the surface of stainless steel wire mesh and active compounds of cerium, platinum and palladium dispersed on the support surface was successfully prepared. The catalyst shows good activity for the oxidation of toluene, acetone and ethyl acetate. The results show that the operating parameters affect the formation of porous anodic oxidation membrane and thereby affect the catalytic activity subsequent. The catalyst, prepared by using 10% H2SO4 as electrolyte and current density 1.0 A, shows a good catalytic activity and stability.

The correlation between filtration efficiency and electret charge is investigated by means of measuring surface potential and filtration efficiency after solvent soakage in this paper. It is confirmed that the high filtration efficiency of melt-blown polypropylene nonwoven web is mainly originated from electret electrostatic effect and the filter resistance is determined by the fiber structure of nonwoven web. The stablity of electret electrostatic field depends on solvent swelling effcct on melt-blown polypropylene nonwoven web. Impact of solvent soakage on charge storage stability and filtration efficiency is thoroughly discussed according to the Flory-Huggins solvent swelling theory.

Porous lightweight ZrO₂ and porous ultralightweight ZrO₂ monolith were prepared via a freeze-drying process using ice as template. The microstructures, formation mechanisms and performances of thermal insulation and fire-resistant were studied. The results indicated that ice is an ideal template for fabrication of porous materials. The obtained porous ZrO₂ with periodical layered microstructures were
lightweight, but with poor strength. After adding sodium silicate as binder, the obtained ZrO₂ monolith has porous and layered hybrid microstructures, which were still kept after calcination at 400 ^oC for 6 h. The calcined ZrO₂ monolith has a porosity of 87%, an apparent density of 0.50 g·cm−3 and high strength. The ZrO2 monolith showed good thermal insulating and fire-resistant properties with 1300^oC butane gas flame.

The dynamic mechanical property of glass fiber reinforced aerogel was investigated using a spilt Hopkinson pressure bar. Failure mechanism of aerogel was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result showed that the quasi-static and dynamic stress-strain curves contained three regions: an elastic region, a yield region and a densification region. In the yield region, the compressive stress-strain curve showed plastic yield characteristics. The compressive behaviors of aerogel displayed a remarkable strain rate strengthening effect. Incident wave shaping using aerogel led to the decrease of stress on the incident bar and the increase of stress duration time on the incident bar. Under high strain rates, the glass fibers broke down and separated from matrix, and the pores shrank rapidly. Failure was due to the increase of axial compressive stress and lateral tensile stress under dynamic compression.

The Al–Mg alloy coatings were deposited on high-speed electro-galvanizing steel by double-target DC magnetron sputtering process. The morphologies and compositions were analyzed, and the influences of target power and substrate temperature on corrosion-resistance properties were investigated by electrochemical measurement and neutral salt spray test. The results show that the coatings
distribute dense with increasing the substrate temperature, but excessively high temperature cause more granular particles and slightly higher corrosion current density. The optimal corrosion-resistance properties can be achieved by synthetic adjustment of target power and substrate temperature. The corrosion current density is approximately 4 μAcm⁻² and anti–salt spray time is 120 h. The structure of coatings is determined to be Al₁₂Mg₁₇.

The effects of CuO and TiO₂ additives on the sintering behavior, microstructure, phase composition and the mechanism of lowering the sintering temperature of Al₂O₃ ceramics have been investigated. It was difficult to take place for the combination reaction between CuO and TiO₂, and the sintering densification of alumina ceramic was greatly enhanced by the addition of CuO as a liquid phase sintering aid and TiO₂ as a solid–state reaction sintering aid. The reaction between TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ resulted in the solid–state reaction sintering process, which was more effective to lower the sintering temperature of Al₂O₃ ceramic than the liquid phase sintering process by the addition of CuO. Adding 0.025 mol CuO–TiO₂ (the molar ratio of TiO₂ to CuO–TiO₂ was 0.80) into 50 g Al₂O₃ powders, the alumina ceramic achieved compact structure at 1250   and reached above 98% of the theoretical density.

High temperature fatigue creep test of 316L stainless steel under 1-step and 2-step load was conducted, the influence of the load history on material behavior was investigated emphatically. On the basis of the uniform fatigue creep damage evolution model, the nonlinear damage evolution curves of 316L steel under 1-step load at high temperature were obtained. A modified failure rule coupled with the load history effect under multi-step load was proposed. High temperature 316L steel fatigue creep life under 2-step load was predicted by the failure rule and the nonlinear damage model. The predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental ones.

Anatase TiO₂ and La–doped TiO₂ thin films have been prepared by using sol–gol method and post–annealing at 500 ". The crystal structure, morphology and photocatalytic activity were investigated using X–ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), UV–VIS spectrophotometer and contact angle meters. The results showed that the doping of La could improve the crystallization of TiO₂, and increase the band gap of TiO₂ film. However, the La will act as the recombination center of electron–hole, resulting in the increase of the contact angle of TiO₂ films.

A model for the interfacial energy between the Ω–phase precipitation and matrix was established by both the model prediction and experimental result fitting. Based on the pseudo–binary assumption and classical nucleation and growth theories, a physical model for thermodynamic precipitation was also developed, and by which, the microstructural evolution and tension yield strength of the underaged Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy were predicted. The results indicated that the results predicted are in good agreement with the experimental data.

simple low-temperature synthesis route of fabricating porous YVO4:Er nanoplates via a chemical co-precipitation method using Y2O3, NH4 VO3, Er2 O3 and ethylene glycol as the reacting precursors was proposed. The as-synthesized YVO4: Er was thermally treated at 300   and 600   for 2 h. The obtained samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM and PL. The results revealed that the luminescence intensity was significantly increased with increasing annealing temperature.