Investigation made by authors into Electron–Backscatter–Diffraction (EBSD) technique and its application in dynamic deformation in Fe–Cr–Ni single crystal, 304 stainless steel and nanocopper is critical reviewed. The results are the following: (1) recrystallization occurring in the shear bands induced during high–strain rates is further clarified; (2) both either static/ dynamic recrystallization is firstly recognized in the shear bands, and this leads to an in–depth understanding of recrystallization mechanism;(3) a grain–boundary rotation model for recrystallization is proposed, and by which the calculation is in good agreement with experimental observation.

Surface modification of vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) was performed with the two-step method. VGCF/shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) composites were prepared via a solutionmixing method thereafter. The dispersion of VGCF in SMPU and VGCF-matrix interfacial adhesion were observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, the mechanical and thermal properties of the VGCF/SMPU composites were investigated. The results show that the dispersion and interfacial adhesion for the two-step surface modified VGCF are greatly improved than that of the pristine VGCF; The composites prepared with two-step surface modified VGCF have much better tensile strength and modulus reinforcement than that with the pristine VGCF. The elongation at break of the composites are all reduced after compounding of VGCF and SMPU, while the surface modified VGCF reinforced composites show higher elongation at break comparing with the pristine VGCF reinforced composites; The two-step surface modified VGCF is propitious to improve the thermal stability of the composites comparing with the pristine VGCF.

Experiments of ECAE were conducted for pure aluminum powder sintered material under different routes and passes. The grain refinement regulation and densification behavior of powder material during ECAE were deeply investigated under different conditions with optical telescope, scan electronic telescope and transmission electronic telescope. The density and hardness of the extruded samples were measured. The experiment results show that ECAE has powerful densification and refinement effects and the mechanical properties of powder materials are improved In single ECAE, large shear plastic deformation and high hydrostatic stress state are the key factors to obtain high density material In multiple passes ECAE, the inner pore shape is changed and the powder material is compacted further by the accumulated deformation and different shear deformation characters. The grain refinement effect depends on some key factors such as hydrostatic stress, strain and shear deformation character etc.

The oxidation kinetics of SiC particle in air at the temperature 927^oC, 1027^oC, 1127^oC was investigated by continuous weighing method in high temperature oxidation furnace. The results show that the oxidation rate constant increases with the rising temperature. Oxidation process of SiC particle can be divided into the earlier and the later period. Oxidation rate was controlled by surface chemical reaction in the earlier period and by diffusion in later period. Apparent activation energy in the later period is much bigger than that in the earlier period. The oxidation process conforms to two-stage model. In the earlier period k_c=143.37exp((−70994)/(RT) ) (mg·m⁻²·min⁻¹), In the later period k_D=3.61×108exp(−192758 RT )(mg·m⁻²·min⁻¹)

Thermal diffusivities, thermal conductivities, and specific heats of PI film and PI/SiO₂ composite film at different temperatures were measured by laser flash method and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). The light transmission problem of thin films in the procession of testing thermal diffusivity by laser flash method was solved effectively. The influences of temperature and silica content on
thermophysical properties of PI/SiO₂ composite films were investigated. The results showed that thermal diffusivities of PI and PI/SiO₂ decreased, and specific heats and thermal conductivities increased with increasing temperature. The addition of the silica could result in the decrease of specific heats and the obvious enhancement of thermal conductivities, but the trend that the thermal conductivity of PI film
increases with increasing temperature would not be changed, which is inherent in amorphous materials.

Hydrogen permeation behavior of hot-dip galvanized steels exposed to stimulated marine atmospheric environment at different relative humidity and temperature was investigated by hydrogen permeation current measurement using modified Devanathan cell and scanning electron microscopy technique. Influence of temperature on hydrogen permeation process of galvanized steel exposed to simulated marine atmosphere was discussed. The results show that the rate of hydrogen permeation increased gradually with the temperature rising; higher relative humidity stimulated, more obvious hydrogen permeation current; the hydrogen permeation of galvanized steel was the most rapidly when exposed to marine atmospheric environment with high relative humidity and temperature.

A large area diamond-like carbon films were synthesized on P type Si(100) substrates, ranged in 300 mm×100 mm matrix, by an advanced linear ion beam system using the precursor gas of acetylene. Effect of substrate negative bias on the microstructure and properties of DLC films were  investigated by Raman spectroscopy, stress tester and nano-indenter respectively. The tribological behavior of films was also investigated by a homemade ball-on-disk tribometer. With increasing the bias from 0 to 300 V, the G-peak position of the Raman spectra decreased firstly and then increased. A lowest value was acquired at the bias voltage of −100 V, which represented the highest sp3 fraction in the DLC films. The highest residual stress, hardness and Youngs modulus films of were also observed when the negative bias voltage was −100 V, respectively. The DLC films deposited with bias voltage 300 V showed the largest wear rate than the others.

A regrown composite fiber was synthesized during the sintering of diamond under high pressure 5.8 GPa and high temperature 1500 for 1 min by using 3% MWCNTs as additive. The experiment results revealed that the outer layer of the fiber is composed of nano–polycrystalline diamond, while the inner fiber is composed of MWCNTs. It is proposed that the untransformed MWCNTs may act as a template for the regrown outer layer of nano–polycrystalline diamond fiber under high pressure and high temperature.

Novel Ni--Cr nanocomposite coatings were fabricated by composite electrodeposition of Ni and Cr nanoparticles from a nickel sulfate bath. The influence of the Cr contents in nanocomposite film was investigated by changing Cr concentration in electrolyte bath, agitation rate and current density. Surface morphologies and microstructure of Ni--Cr coatings were observed by means of SEM / EDAX, TEM and XRD. It was found that the codeposition of Cr nanoparticles disturbed the crystal growth of the nickel matrix, leading to a change from the preferential Ni on (200) planes to the homogeneous growth on (200), (111) and (220) planes. This demonstrated that the nanoparticles codeposition promoted the nucleation of new nickel grains. The more the content of the Cr nanoparticles codeposited, the finer the
electrodeposited Ni matrix. Meanwhile, the electrodeposition mechanism of the Ni--Cr nanocomposite system was discussed.

A model for predicting the surface damage of Al₂O_3sf/2A12 composites by liquid infiltration-extrusion process was established, and the distribution of surface damage was obtained under nine groups of process parameters based on orthogonal experimental design. The influence of process parameters on the surface damage was investigated. The results show that the surface cracks usually form at the mould outlet, which results from the inhomogeneous metal flow and the partial overheating. Pressure-keeping time is the dominant parameter for controlling the surface quality. Surface damage can be effectively avoided by optimizing the process parameters. The simulated values basicly accord with the experiment results.

Aimed at the limitation of the numerical simulation of resin transfer molding processes based on the Darcy law, the resin flow in the fiber preform was modeled as a two-phase (resin and air) fluid flow in porous media. The momentum equations considering the inertia and viscous terms were discretized by the finite volume method (FVM). Combining the FVM with the volume of fluid/piecewise linear interface construction (VOF/PLIC) approach, a new numerical simulation algorithm was presented to solve the transient flow problem, and then a numerical simulation program of the mold filling process was developed. There is a good agreement between the numerical results and the analytical solutions as well as experimental results, so the reliability of the new numerical simulation algorithm is validated.

Amorphous hydrous ruthenium oxide was prepared by a chemical precipitation method. Two ruthenium oxide samples with different contents of Na and Cl impurities were obtained by changing the number of times for washing sediments with distilled water. The experiment results showed that the Na and Cl impurities exist as hydrated Na⁺ and hydrated Cl⁻, respectively. Sample W 5 (sufficiently
washed 5 times with distilled water during its preparation) has lower content of Na⁺ and Cl+ impurities in comparison with sample W 1 (insufficiently washed once with distilled water during its preparation). Cyclic voltammetric measurements indicate that the specific capacitance and power performance of W 5 are all higher than that of W 1. Hydrated Na⁺ and Cl⁻ impurities not only decrease the specific capacitance of ruthenium oxide, but degrade the power performance. The reason for the deleterious effect of hydrated Na⁺ and Cl⁻ impurities on the super-capacitive properties is discussed.

The terminal solid solubilities for dissolution of hydrides (TSSD) during heating–up and for precipitation of hydrides (TSSP) during cooling–down for N18, Zry–4 and M5 with hydrogen concentrations of 20–240 μg/g were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the difference in TSSD or TSSP is very small for these alloys, and best–fit equations were derived. A significant hysteresis between the solvi of TSSD and TSSP occurred, resulting from the hydride–matrix volumetric misfit strain. Based on the widths of the DSC peaks obtained during cooling–down, the average precipitation rates of zirconium hydrides from super–saturated state were evaluated by best–fit equations. The activation energies of precipitation rates were approximately equivalent to the reported values of hydrogen diffusion in Zircaloys, indicating a hydrogen diffusion mechanism.

The morphology of thin film growth has been investigated using 3D Monte Carlo model. Three kinds of dynamic process, i.e. adsorption, diffusion and revaporation are considered independently. Each of the three processes will happen in one Monte Carlo step according to their rate. In the processes of deposition and diffusion, the finial position of atom is the Non-Null position of the next layer. The results show that the thin film growth mode is determined by interaction energy between two atoms of thin film, deposition rate and temperature.

LiFe _0.95 M _0.05 PO ₄  (M=Mg, Ni, Co) were synthesized by hydrothermal process with Fe-site doping in liquid phase. The samples of LiFe_0.95 M _0.05 PO ₄ were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM methods. The effect of Fe-site doping on electrochemical properties of the samples was investigated. The results show that the electrochemical capacity and cyclic stability of LiFe _0.95 M _0.05 PO ₄ at 1C are enhanced. Under 1C rate, the first discharge capacity of LiFe _0.95 Mg _0.05 PO ₄,  LiFe _0.95 Ni _0.05 PO 4 and LiFe _0.95 Co _0.05 PO ₄ exhibit 133.1 mAh·g⁻¹, 128.4 mAh·g⁻¹ and 135.2 mAh·g⁻¹, respectively. In three doping ions, the result of Co ²⁺ doping is the best. The capacity fading rates of LiFe _0.95 Co _0.05 PO ₄ are 5.7% at 0.1C and 9.5% at 1C after 30 cycles. Such a significant improvement of electrochemical performance at 1C rate should be related to the enhancement of the reversibility and conductivity of LiFePO₄ doped by bivalent cation
in Fe-site.

The FeCo/SiO₂ nanocrystalline magnetic powders were prepared from the mixtures of carboxyl iron, cobalt and SiO₂ powders by the simple ball-milling method. The microstructure was characterized by XRD and SEM. Doping effect on electromagnetic parameters was investigated by vector network analyzer for FeCo nanocrystalline magnetic powders doped with SiO₂. The results show that impurity of SiO₂ in the FeCo nanocrystalline exists in the form of amorphous phase and the doping can greatly modify the microwave  lectromagnetic properties of the magnetic powders. As compared to the pure FeCo nanocrystalline powders, doping of SiO₂ significantly decreases the real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity of magnetic powders, but corresponding complex permeability changes slightly.
Consequently, it is obvious that this is an availability way to improve the impedance matching of absorbers.

With the micro-arc oxidation process of AZ91D magnesium alloys going, the thickness of coatings increases gradually. The coarser the discharging channels and the ejecting deposition are, the rougher the coating surface is. The micro-cracks on coatings are resulted from the stress concentration in coatings. The amount and morphology of micro-cracks, surface roughness and growth rate of coatings
are improved after substrates have been treated with the solid-solution that also benefit to energy saving of the micro-arc oxidation process. The residual stresses are released during the aging treatment, and the coating morphology is kept almost unchanged in terms of the amount and morphology of micro-cracks. And the microstructure of substrates has not been changed after the micro-arc oxidation treatment. More magnesium elements in AZ91D have participated in the micro-arc oxidation reaction conducted in silicate electrolyte. And silicon elements from the electrolyte also have diffused into magnesium substrates at the same time.

Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles as a flame retardant was prepared by chemical precipitation method with magnesium sulfate and sodium hydroxide as the main raw materials in silicone oil/water mixture, the obtained magnesium hydroxide was characterized in terms of morphology, particle size and crystal structure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and X–ray power diffraction (XRD), and thermal stability by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA).The influence of reaction time, temperature, mixing rate, salt and base concentration and feed method etc. on the morphologies and decomposition temperatures of magnesium hydroxide was investigated. Results show when the reaction time was 6 h and the reaction temperature was 60℃, the mixing
rate was 1500 r/min, the quality and performances of the prepared magnesium hydroxide were better.

The behavior of carbide dissolution and precipitation in hot-rolled Inconel690 has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to determine the type of carbide. The results show that more strip like carbide precipitates, identified as M23C6, distribute along grain boundaries in hot-rolled alloy 690 bars, and only few discrete particles present in the matrix. Dissolution temperatures of intergranular and intragranular carbides are 1050  and 1080, respectively. The carbide particles in hot-rolled bar could not fully dissolve and some still existed at grain boundaries for low solution temperature, then these remained carbide particles really hindered the new carbide re-precipitation during the following thermal treatment at 715 . However, to the clean grain boundaries after the carbides are fully dissolved at higher solution temperature, the newly fine and semi-continuous carbide precipitates can formed along the grain boundaries after following thermal treating.